Consciousness and the limits of science PART 1 | Sean Carroll, Ellen Langer, and Tamar Gendler
Oct 8, 2024
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Join Sean Carroll, a physicist and cosmologist from Johns Hopkins, Ellen Langer, a Harvard psychologist known for her work on mindfulness, and Tamar Gendler, Yale's philosophy and cognitive science expert, as they dive deep into the enigma of consciousness. They challenge if science can ever truly unravel subjective experience and explore the philosophical nuances of materialism and dualism. The discussion also tackles external world skepticism and the fascinating mind-body connection, highlighting how evolving insights can impact our understanding of reality.
The debate highlights the complexity of consciousness and suggests that while scientific breakthroughs are possible, absolute truths may remain elusive.
Ellen Langer argues for the interconnectedness of mind and body, emphasizing that mental states can significantly influence physical health outcomes.
Deep dives
The Complexity of Consciousness
Understanding consciousness remains one of the most intricate challenges facing both science and philosophy. The discussion highlights a common belief among philosophers that materialism, which views the mind purely as a product of physical processes, offers insight into consciousness. Critics argue that despite advancements in neuroscience and psychology, there is still no concrete explanation for subjective experiences, such as thoughts or emotions. Sean Carroll emphasizes that while consciousness is complex, he believes it will eventually be explained within the framework of physical laws, as opposed to requiring any revolutionary changes to our understanding of physics.
Mind-Body Integration
Ellen Langer presents the perspective that the concepts of mind and body should not be treated as separate entities but rather as integrated components of human experience. She references a study where elderly men were encouraged to relive their youth, resulting in significant improvements in their physical capabilities, suggesting that mental states can significantly influence physical health. This challenges the idea that a comprehensive understanding of consciousness is necessary for practical applications in wellness. Her view indicates that recognizing the interconnectedness of mind and body can lead to improved health outcomes, regardless of our ultimate understanding of consciousness.
The Limits of Scientific Inquiry
The debate also addresses whether science can provide definitive answers about consciousness, reflecting broader philosophical questions about knowledge and existence. Sean Carroll argues that while science offers probabilities, it may never yield absolute truths about the nature of consciousness, just as it does in other areas of inquiry. Both Carroll and Ellen Langer express skepticism about the ability of dualist theories to resolve the mind-body problem, advocating instead for a probabilistic understanding of consciousness. This raises critical concerns about how emerging technologies might prompt ethical dilemmas regarding consciousness in non-human entities, pointing to a future where subjective experience could become increasingly complex to assess.
Can science ever solve the problem of consciousness? Do our methods look for answers in all the wrong places? Join Sean Carroll, Ellen Langer, and Tamar Gendler as they debate the possibility of science providing answers to the hardest problem of all - the problem of subjective experience. Jack Symes hosts.
Sean Carroll is Homewood Professor of Natural Philosophy at John Hopkins University, and he also hosts the weekly podcast ‘Mindscape’, which explores interesting ideas in science, philosophy, culture, and the arts. Ellen Langer is an award-winning scientist, Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, and the author of ‘The Mindful Body’. Tamar Gendler is Yale University's Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, the Vincent J. Scully Professor of Philosophy, and also a Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science.