Yuri Kath, a Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at La Trobe University and author of "Knowing What It Is Like," dives into the complexities of experiential knowledge. He questions whether true understanding of feelings, like love or childbirth, requires firsthand experience. The discussion includes tiers of 'what it’s like' knowledge and the ethical nuances of representing life experiences in literature. Kath also examines how virtual reality can create empathy, while probing the limits of these simulators in conveying real emotions.
The experience condition argues that true understanding of profound experiences like love or parenthood requires direct participation, raising ethical concerns about appropriation.
The answer condition posits that knowledge can also be derived from testimony and literature, allowing partial understanding of experiences even without direct involvement.
Deep dives
The Experience Condition and Its Implications
The experience condition posits that true knowledge of an experience can only be attained through direct participation in that experience. American philosopher David Lewis, who famously never tasted Vegemite, employed this idea to illustrate that without direct involvement, one cannot fully comprehend the essence of an experience. He argued that this limitation is particularly evident when discussing profound experiences such as parenthood or love, where emotional and subjective nuances play a significant role. This concept raises ethical questions regarding claims of understanding experiences such as disability or poverty, suggesting that without having lived those realities, one may risk appropriating experiences that are not truly theirs to claim.
The Answer Condition as an Alternative
The answer condition presents an alternative perspective, suggesting that knowing what an experience is like involves knowing the answers to questions about that experience. This branch of knowledge, often categorized under interrogative knowledge, emphasizes that individuals can learn about experiences through various forms of testimony and literature, allowing them to form a conceptual understanding without having direct experience. For example, someone may understand the nuances of living in Paris by knowing specific facts about its culture and geography, even without having visited. This condition challenges the strict limitations of the experience condition by highlighting the potential for partial knowledge derived from broader contexts and shared narratives.
Navigating the Tension Between Conditions
A tension exists between the experience condition and the answer condition, often leading to confusion about the nature of 'what it is like' knowledge. While one condition insists that direct experience is essential for genuine understanding, the other allows for degrees of knowledge contingent on acquired information and shared human experience. This dichotomy suggests a spectrum of understanding, where individuals who have different levels of interactions with a specific experience might possess varying degrees of knowledge. For instance, a caregiver may gain insights into parenting through analogous experiences, illustrating how knowledge can be developed through indirect yet relevant engagements rather than strictly through direct experiences.
Ethical Considerations in Experience Knowledge
Ethical implications arise when discussing who can legitimately convey certain experiences, especially in literature and art, where authors may portray lives outside their own. The notion of appropriateness comes into play, questioning whether one can authentically represent experiences they have not directly experienced. A significant concern is ensuring that representations do not misinform or mislead, particularly when the subject matter pertains to marginalized or underrepresented groups. This necessitates a nuanced understanding of empathy and the ethical obligation to seek out knowledge about others' experiences while also recognizing the limitations posed by one’s perspective.
Conventional wisdom has it that if you've never fallen in love, if you've never given birth to a child, if you've never tasted Vegemite... then you can't know what these experiences are like. But is the conventional wisdom correct? This week we're asking if there could in fact be various kinds of what-it-is-like knowledge, not all of which require direct first-hand experience.
Get the Snipd podcast app
Unlock the knowledge in podcasts with the podcast player of the future.
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode
Save any moment
Hear something you like? Tap your headphones to save it with AI-generated key takeaways
Share & Export
Send highlights to Twitter, WhatsApp or export them to Notion, Readwise & more
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode