Abul Rizvi — Inside Immigration Policy [Australian Policy Series]
Jan 31, 2025
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Abul Rizvi, a former Deputy Secretary of the Department of Immigration in Australia, shares his extensive knowledge on immigration and population policy. He dives into the transformative changes in Australia's immigration landscape since the early 2000s, particularly the rise in skilled migration and the role of international students. The conversation touches on the complex demographic challenges Australia faces, including declining fertility and the economic impact of high-skilled immigrants, underscoring the importance of a well-balanced immigration strategy in shaping the future.
Australia's immigration policy has evolved to prioritize skilled migrants and international students to address labor shortages and demographic challenges.
The significant influx of young immigrants has enriched Australia's multicultural identity, with 30% of the population born overseas.
Addressing the exploitation of migrant workers is crucial, necessitating better protection through legal frameworks and increased agency for workers.
Deep dives
Transformative Immigration Policies of the Howard Government
The significant immigration policy changes implemented by the Howard government in the early 2000s focused on increasing Australia's immigration intake through a new approach that emphasized international students and working holidaymakers. This strategy arose from the need to maintain a skilled labor force without compromising migration standards, as traditional sources of skilled migrants were limited. Over the subsequent two decades, these measures resulted in the arrival of over two million international students and working holidaymakers, many of whom eventually settled permanently in Australia. Today, international students constitute a substantial portion of annual net migration, shaping the demographic landscape and contributing to Australia's multicultural identity.
The Long-term Impact of Migration on Australia’s Demographics
Australia's demographic profile has significantly benefited from its immigration policies, which have led to a population where roughly 30% were born overseas, making it one of the most multicultural nations globally. The influx of young immigrants has helped prevent population decline, counterbalancing a low fertility rate while maintaining a median age lower than countries like Japan. Without these immigration policies, Australia would likely face an aging population and ultimately see a natural decrease in population size. Maintaining a steady level of immigration is thus viewed as critical for the country's demographic health and economic vitality.
Challenges in Controlling Migration Trends
Despite the government's efforts, controlling net migration remains a complex challenge, influenced by factors beyond direct immigration policy. Policy changes take time to manifest in migration trends, leading to misconceptions about the government's level of control over immigration numbers. For instance, decisions made during the COVID pandemic impacted migration spikes seen years later, often prompting accusations of mismanagement from both sides of the political aisle. This complicates the narrative surrounding net migration, as the reality reflects a myriad of factors including temporary migration programs and the movement of Australian citizens, which together shape overall migration statistics.
Demographic Goals and the Future of Immigration Policy
Abul Rizvi posits that the primary objective of Australia’s immigration policy should be to modify the demographic trajectory by slowing the pace of population aging. Reflecting on past migration strategies, it is emphasized that intertwined goals including filling skill shortages and promoting diversity should support a long-term demographic approach. Policymakers have historically grappled with balancing immediate economic needs against the broader impacts on society, which is accentuated by the struggles of industries reliant on migrant labor. To maintain sustainable growth, future strategies must carefully consider both demographic and economic factors alongside public sentiment toward immigration.
Addressing Exploitation in the Migration System
Exploitation of migrant workers remains a pressing issue in Australia, particularly within temporary visa categories like student visas. While efforts have been made to protect migrants, such as implementing a minimum wage and cracking down on exploitative practices, challenges persist due to the opaque nature of enforcement and monitoring. The need for increased agency among migrants is underscored as a means to reduce their vulnerability to exploitation, suggesting that solutions must involve empowering workers alongside effective legal frameworks. Furthermore, improving conditions for all workers through mechanisms like union support may help mitigate the risk of exploitation in what remains a precarious employment landscape.
This episode is the first of my live policy salons. It was recorded in Melbourne on January 23, 2025.
In this salon, we go deep into Australia's immigration policy with Abul Rizvi, former Deputy Secretary of the Department of Immigration. Abul managed Australia’s migration program from 1995 to 2007 and played a crucial role in the 2001 policy changes that massively increased the intake of skilled migrants—most notably by expanding pathways for overseas students.
If you’d like to attend an upcoming salon, you can get tickets here: https://josephnoelwalker.com/events/