In this engaging discussion, Sam Roggeveen, Director of the Lowy Institute’s International Security Program, dives deep into the U.S.-China power dynamics and why America may avoid direct conflict with China. He argues for strengthening Australia’s alliance with Indonesia as a strategic priority. The conversation touches on the implications of Australia considering nuclear capabilities and the challenges of adapting military strategies against China's rising influence. Roggeveen also presents his unique 'echidna strategy' for a cost-effective defense approach.

In this discussion, Peter Tulip, Chief Economist at the Centre for Independent Studies and a former researcher at both the Reserve Bank of Australia and the US Federal Reserve, tackles the Australian housing crisis head-on. He sheds light on the complexities of NIMBY sentiments and the restrictions imposed by heritage laws. Tulip argues for a cultural shift necessary to balance housing supply with demand and critiques zoning regulations that hinder development. He proposes innovative ideas, including 'street votes,' to facilitate community engagement in housing negotiations.

Australia stands alone among English-speaking democracies with its compulsory, preferential voting system. But why? This episode is the fourth instalment of my Australian policy series. It was recorded in Melbourne on March 6, 2025. I speak with Judith Brett—Emeritus Professor of Politics at La Trobe University and author of the canonical history of Australia's electoral system, From Secret Ballot to Democracy Sausage—about how Australia became an electoral trailblazer. We trace the accidental adoption of near-universal manhood suffrage in the 1850s, the political calculations that led to compulsory voting and preferential voting, and why bureaucratic efficiency is so deeply woven into our electoral culture. Along the way, we explore how Benthamite thinking and low taxation in the colonial era combined to create a voting system that is unique among English-speaking democracies.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Richard Holden, a UNSW economics professor, and Steven Hamilton, an assistant professor at GWU, delve into Australia’s impressive state capacity. They discuss the effective economic interventions during COVID-19, examining the successes and failures of vaccine procurement. The conversation shifts to the complexities of federalism and housing challenges, as well as the need for reforms in unemployment insurance. Holden and Hamilton also highlight the role of local governance in crisis response, advocating for improved strategies to enhance public trust and accountability.

In this engaging discussion, Andrew Leigh, Australia’s Assistant Minister for Competition and former economics professor, tackles pressing issues surrounding economic inequality. He delves into Australia’s egalitarian roots, tracing cultural influences from the 1800s to present disparities. The conversation touches on how societal norms affect innovation, the impact of automation on jobs, and the complexities of proposing a universal basic income. Leigh emphasizes the need for policy reforms to foster equity, community trust, and educational improvements to bridge gaps in society.

Abul Rizvi, a former Deputy Secretary of the Department of Immigration in Australia, shares his extensive knowledge on immigration and population policy. He dives into the transformative changes in Australia's immigration landscape since the early 2000s, particularly the rise in skilled migration and the role of international students. The conversation touches on the complex demographic challenges Australia faces, including declining fertility and the economic impact of high-skilled immigrants, underscoring the importance of a well-balanced immigration strategy in shaping the future.

Andy Matuschak, an independent applied researcher and former founder of Khan Academy’s R&D Lab, dives deep into the intricate preparation process for impactful podcast interviews. He explores the commitment involved, highlighting a framework that entails over 200 hours of targeted study. The conversation touches on collaborative learning, effective note-taking strategies, and the use of tools like Kanban for organization. They also share insights on balancing thorough research with engaging dialogue, ensuring interviews remain both enlightening and accessible.

Eugene Fama, a Nobel laureate and the 'father of modern finance,' discusses the nuances of market efficiency. He challenges conventional views by highlighting the impact of information asymmetry and social influences, using the GameStop saga as a case study. Fama delves into the evolution of asset pricing models and the limitations of current methods like CAPM. He also examines the housing market's complexities and the importance of effective charitable giving. The conversation integrates behavioral finance and personal beliefs, shedding light on investment strategies and market biases.

Richard Butler, a retired Australian diplomat and former UN ambassador, shares his extensive experience in nuclear disarmament. He discusses the major treaties like the NPT and CTBT, highlighting Australia's nuanced stance on nuclear diplomacy. Butler recounts humorous and poignant anecdotes from negotiations, including his memorable Moscow trip. He reflects on the global rise of nuclear-armed states and the challenges of multilateralism. The conversation emphasizes the importance of listening and innovative tactics in effective diplomacy.

Larry Summers, a former US Treasury Secretary and current Harvard professor, shares his expertise on the impact of artificial intelligence on economic growth. He draws compelling parallels between AI and past industrial revolutions, emphasizing its potential for both automation and enhancing research. Summers discusses the intricacies of US economic dynamics, stressing the importance of technological governance. He also contrasts the perspectives of technologists and economists, highlighting the need for collaboration in shaping future AI policies.