#63 - Adipose tissue adaptations to exercise and exercise and antipsychotics with Dr David Wright
Sep 10, 2023
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Dr David Wright, Professor at the University of British Columbia, Canada, discusses his research on the effects of exercise on muscle and adipose tissue. The topics explored include fat metabolism, mitochondria biogenesis, adipose tissue adaptations, brown adipose tissue, antipsychotics' impact on blood glucose, and the regulation of glucagon and glucose levels during exercise.
Exercise can prevent acute increases in blood glucose caused by antipsychotic medication.
Targeting AMPK agonists and GLP-1 receptor agonists may mimic the effects of exercise in preventing glucose spikes induced by antipsychotics.
Fasting and high-ketone diets show potential in mitigating the metabolic side effects of antipsychotic medication.
Deep dives
Exercise has protective effects against antipsychotic-induced glucose spikes
Exercise has been shown to have a protective effect against acute increases in blood glucose caused by antipsychotic medication. In rodent models, exercise was found to prevent the glucose elevation seen after antipsychotic administration. Studies using forced treadmill exercise and voluntary wheel running both showed flatlined blood glucose levels in exercised animals compared to sedentary animals treated with antipsychotics.
AMPK and GLP-1 receptor agonists show promise in preventing antipsychotic-induced glucose spikes
Both AMPK agonists and GLP-1 receptor agonists have shown promise in preventing the acute increases in blood glucose caused by antipsychotic medication. In animal studies, AMPK agonists and GLP-1 receptor agonists were able to attenuate the elevation in blood glucose levels when administered along with antipsychotics. These findings suggest that targeting these pathways may mimic the beneficial effects of exercise in preventing antipsychotic-induced glucose spikes.
Fasting and high-ketone diets may offer protection against antipsychotic-induced glucose spikes
In addition to exercise, fasting and consumption of high-ketone diets have shown potential in protecting against antipsychotic-induced glucose spikes. Research has found that fasting and ketone diets can attenuate the elevation in blood glucose levels caused by antipsychotic medication in rodent models. These findings suggest that dietary interventions may offer alternative strategies to mitigate the metabolic side effects of antipsychotic medication.
The Effects of Exercise on Adipose Tissue
Exercise-induced adaptations in adipose tissue differ between rodents and humans. One possible reason for this discrepancy is the housing temperature during the studies. Additionally, biopsies from subcutaneous adipose depots in humans may not accurately reflect the changes observed in intra-abdominal or visceral adipose tissue. Further research is needed to explore the functions and implications of increased mitochondrial content in adipose tissue with exercise.
Antipsychotic Medications and Metabolic Side Effects
Antipsychotic medications can lead to metabolic side effects such as weight gain, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver disease. Preclinical studies have shown that female rodents are more susceptible to these side effects than males. Although fasting or a ketogenic diet may protect against the metabolic side effects, adherence to strict dietary regimes can be challenging in this patient population. It is crucial to find a balance between managing mental health symptoms and mitigating metabolic complications in individuals prescribed with antipsychotics.
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor David Wright from the University of British Columbia, Canada. He has undertaken a lot of important work on the effect of exercise on muscle glucose uptake and mitochondria and then has branched out to examine the effect of exercise training on mitochondria in adipose tissue (fat). We discussed his work around that and then talked about an interesting new focus of his work around the metabolic effects of antipsychotics. He is finding that exercise can prevent the acute blood glucose raising effects of antipsychotics. A very interesting chat. 0:00. Introduction and how David got into research 6:10. His transition from muscle to fat research 10:05. Exercise activates AMPK in muscle and fat 10:57. Adipose tissue breakdown during exercise 13:58. Adrenaline/epinephrine 15:28. Exercise training effects on fat mitochondria 21:00. Why so much fat turnover during exercise 24:00. Fat use during ex in lean vs obese 26:25. Adrenaline regulation of fat adaptations to ex training 29:50. AMPK regulation of fat 32:05. Cross talk between organs during exercise 34:55. White, beige, brown adipose tissue 39:00. Human vs rodents brown adipose tissue 44:25. Adipokines and exercise training 48:40. Ectopic fat 49:40. Antipsychotics, obesity and diabetes 51:15. Each dose of an antipsychotic increases blood glucose 53:00. Exercise prevents these glucose effects of antipsychotics 59:00. GLP-1, glucagon and antipsychotics 1:03:20. Poor exercise adherence, do fasting instead? 1:05:15. Ketogenic diets and antipsychotics 1:08:50. Ketogenic diets and mental health 1:11:03. Clinicians awareness etc. 1:12:45. Sex and age differences 1:15:00. Acute vs chronic effects 1:15:40. Takeaway messages 1:19:27. Outro (9 seconds) Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all. The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University. He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9). Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at: Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1 Instagram: insideexercise Facebook: Glenn McConell LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460 ResearchGate: Glenn McConell Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com Subscribe to Inside exercise: Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218 Not medical advice
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