#499: How Sensory Cues Impact Food Choice & Behavior – Prof. Ciarán Forde
Oct 24, 2023
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Prof. Ciarán Forde, researcher studying sensory cues on food preferences and liking, discusses the impact of sensory properties on food choices and consumption patterns, including the role of texture, taste intensity, and familiarity. They explore the relationship between meal size and energy intake, as well as the influence of food texture on eating behavior. The podcast also delves into hyper-palatability, taste-nutrient connections, and understanding eating behavior. An advertisement for Sigma Nutrition Premium subscription is included.
Sensory cues like taste, texture, and smell strongly influence our food choice, eating rate, and overall energy intake.
Food processing plays a crucial role in making foods edible and improving their palatability, but the effects can be complex and require further understanding to promote healthier choices.
Food texture, including hardness and softness, affects mastication, swallowing rates, and meal size, highlighting the importance of understanding how texture influences food consumption.
Deep dives
Sensory cues influencing food choice and intake
Sensory cues, such as taste, texture, appearance, and smell, heavily influence our food choice and intake behaviors. Our perception of these cues affects our appetite, meal size, and overall energy intake. For instance, the texture of a food plays a role in the amount of mastication required, eating rate, and satiety. The taste properties also provide clues about the nutritive quality of the food. Sensory cues not only affect our immediate consumption but also contribute to our memory and satisfaction of a meal. Understanding the impact of sensory cues can help in moderating energy intake and making more informed dietary choices.
The role of food processing
Food processing refers to a series of events that render raw materials safe for human consumption. It involves various processes such as heating, cooking, baking, and extruding. Processing plays a crucial role in making foods edible, improving their palatability, and enhancing their nutritional availability. However, the effects of processing can be complex, as it can influence the flavor, texture, composition, and even the matrices of foods. While some processing methods have led to missteps in terms of health implications, there are opportunities for reformulation to maintain sensory appeal while reducing energy density. Communication and understanding of healthier processed foods still need further development to ensure that consumers make positive dietary choices.
Texture and its impact on food consumption
Food texture, including factors like hardness, softness, lubricity, and elasticity, plays a significant role in our eating behavior. Textural properties influence mastication, lubrication, and swallowing rates. Different textures can affect the rate of consumption and meal size. Soft-textured foods are more likely to be consumed quickly and may lead to higher energy intake. On the other hand, harder foods require more mastication and may contribute to a slower eating rate. Understanding how texture influences food consumption can help in developing strategies to moderate meal sizes and promote healthier dietary patterns.
The impact of processing on food supply
The podcast discusses the importance of processing in the current food supply. The speaker emphasizes that the food supply we have today, with its abundance and variety, would not be possible without processing. They mention that some people have a romanticized view of a pre-industrial food supply, but returning to a non-processed food supply is unlikely and untenable. The speaker highlights the need to understand the specific role of processing and how we interact with processed foods to promote satisfaction and improve nutrient quality without compromising sensory appeal and pleasure.
Exploring the effects of eating rate and sensory characteristics
The podcast explores the relationship between eating rate, sensory characteristics, and energy intake. The speaker highlights previous research showing that eating faster leads to consuming more calories, without compensating later. They discuss ongoing trials on the impact of meal eating speed across minimally processed and ultra-processed diets, suggesting that eating speed and meal size are influenced more by the textures of the meals than the degree of processing. The speaker mentions the importance of understanding the mechanisms that drive eating behavior and how we can implement strategies to improve nutrient quality and reduce the risk of overconsumption while keeping sensory pleasure at the heart of eating.
Sensory cues, comprising taste, smell, texture, and appearance, serve as the initial drivers that influence our food preferences and liking for particular items. These sensory cues can be both inherent, such as the natural sweetness of fruit, and learned, as in the association between a particular aroma and a favorite dish.
One crucial aspect of this research is delving into how sensory properties of food, like texture and taste, contribute to our choices and consumption patterns. Food texture, for example, plays a key role in determining how quickly we consume a meal, with softer textures often being associated with faster eating rates.
Sensory intensity and palatability are also central themes in this research. Moreover, research into dietary fat reveals intriguing phenomena like “fat blindness,” where the ability to discriminate different levels of fat diminishes as taste intensity increases. Understanding these relationships can help shed light on factors contributing to overeating and potential avenues for behavior modification.
To give us a better insight into this field of research, Professor in Sensory Science and Eating Behavior at Wageningen University, Prof. Ciarán Forde, is on the podcast to discuss these ideas.
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