Ulises Ali Mejias and Nick Couldry, "Data Grab: The New Colonialism of Big Tech and How to Fight Back" (U Chicago Press, 2024)
Dec 21, 2024
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Ulises Mejias, a communication studies professor, and Nick Couldry, a media and communications theorist, tackle the pressing issue of data colonialism in their discussion. They reveal how Big Tech exploits personal data, drawing parallels to historical colonial practices. The conversation addresses the gig economy's challenges, the perils of AI, and the ethical dilemmas arising from generative technologies. Additionally, they emphasize the importance of amplifying marginalized voices and propose frameworks for resistance to create a fairer digital landscape.
Data colonialism manifests as a new form of exploitation where Big Tech extracts personal data for profit and social control.
The gig economy illustrates the principles of data colonialism, emphasizing how workers are surveilled and commodified without informed consent.
Effective resistance against data colonialism requires a multifaceted approach that includes advocating for progressive regulations and amplifying marginalized voices.
Deep dives
The Concept of Data Colonialism
Data colonialism is defined as an emergent social order focused on the continuous extraction of information from our social lives to generate wealth and create new forms of social control. This form of colonialism extends beyond traditional notions of colonialism and encompasses how large technology companies collect and utilize vast amounts of personal data today. Personal data is extracted not just from social media interactions, but also from various applications, devices, and environments we interact with daily. The implications of this data extraction range from influencing our access to public services to determining our eligibility for loans, affecting nearly every aspect of our lives.
The Four X's of Colonialism
The four X's—explore, expand, exploit, and exterminate—serve as a framework to understand the historical and modern implications of colonialism. These stages highlight how both historical colonialism and present-day data practices involve an initial exploration followed by expansion into new territories, exploitation of resources, and ultimately the extermination of alternative ways of living. This framework reveals the parallels between the practices of big tech companies today and traditional colonial powers. The historical exploitation of land and labor similarly mirrors how data is exploited for profit in today's digital landscape.
Impacts of the Gig Economy
The gig economy reflects the exploitation inherent in data colonialism, where platforms like Uber and Lyft benefit from a model that reduces wages for workers while maximizing profits for the companies. Workers in this economy often have little choice but to accept conditions that strip them of traditional job security while subjecting them to intense surveillance and monitoring through data-driven algorithms. Although the gig economy can provide some short-term financial relief, the algorithms governing it typically lead to reduced earnings and increased control over workers' actions. This imbalance highlights a broader context of exploitation in which workers are surveilled and commodified, often without their informed consent.
The Role of Education in Data Colonialism
Education systems are significantly impacted by data colonialism, with platforms collecting extensive data on student performance and behavior. While technology like AI offers potential benefits in education, it also introduces issues such as bias in data analytics and erosion of academic integrity, as students increasingly turn to tools like ChatGPT for quick answers. The push for integrating these technologies into curricula often overlooks the deeper implications for knowledge and expertise, raising concerns about diminished learning outcomes. Educators are confronted with the challenge of balancing technological integration with fostering genuine understanding, while facing pressure to comply with corporate-driven educational technologies.
Resistance Against Data Colonialism
To effectively resist data colonialism, individuals and communities must engage in a multifaceted approach that includes imagining alternatives, working within existing systems, and advocating for progressive regulations. This approach necessitates listening to marginalized voices and communities, particularly those who have experienced the impacts of colonialism. Resistance can take the form of both organized protests and more localized efforts to reclaim agency in personal data use and technology. Ultimately, the goal is to re-envision data as a resource that serves the collective good rather than merely a means for profit extraction by tech giants.
In the present day, Big Tech is extracting resources from us, transferring and centralizing resources from people to companies. These companies are grabbing our most basic natural resources--our data--exploiting our labor and connections, and repackaging our information to control our views, track our movements, record our conversations, and discriminate against us. These companies tell us this is for our own good, to build innovation and develop new technology. But in fact, every time we unthinkingly click "Accept" on a set of Terms and Conditions, we allow our most personal information to be kept indefinitely, repackaged by companies to control and exploit us for their own profit.
In Data Grab: The New Colonialism of Big Tech and How to Fight Back (The University of Chicago Press, 2024), Ulises Mejias and Nick Couldry explain why postindustrial capitalism cannot be understood without colonialism, and why race is a critical factor in who benefits from data colonialism, just as it was for historic colonialism. In this searing, cutting-edge guide, Mejias and Couldry explore the concept of data colonialism, revealing how history can help us understand the emerging future--and how we can fight back.
Mention in this episode: Tierra Comun (English Version)
Ulises A. Mejias is professor of communication studies at the State University of New York at Oswego.
Nick Couldry is professor of media, communications, and social theory at the London School of Economics and Political Science and faculty associate at Harvard University’s Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society.
Dr. Michael LaMagna is the Information Literacy Program & Library Services Coordinator and Professor of Library Services at Delaware County Community College.