Ancient Indian Thought Parallel to Ancient Greek Thought

The medieval scientist Al-Biruni's treatise on India compared Indian and Greek philosophy and science. He found parallels, such as the transmigration of souls, and identified reincarnation as a distinctive characteristic of the Indian creed. The translation of Indian texts into Arabic during the 8th-10th centuries facilitated the exchange of ideas between the Islamic and Indian worlds, particularly in fields like astronomy. The Barmakids, a powerful family in the late 8th century, facilitated the translation of Indian scientific and philosophical works, and there is evidence of intellectual exchange between theologians like Javan Imsafwan and Buddhists regarding the sources of knowledge.