Muslim scholar al-Bīrūnī and European thinkers Hume, Hegel, and Schopenhauer were influenced by ancient Indian thought. Topics include: Islamic engagement with Indian ideas, influence of Indian philosophy on European thought (particularly Buddhism on Hume), impact of Indologists on Hegel, and contrasting views of Indian philosophy by Hegel and Schopenhauer.

Explore the applications of Nietzsche's philosophy in political theory and leftist programs. Discuss Nietzsche's influence on political thinking, his concepts of ressentiment and eternal return, and debunk the caricature of Nietzsche as a fascist. Delve into Deleuze's reinterpretation of ressentiment, genealogy as a methodology, and Nietzsche's concept of ressentiment as the motor of history. Discover the person of Rezontemann and the political implications of Nietzsche's philosophy.