Melvyn Bragg and guests debate beauty's moral qualities, Plato's influence on aesthetics, Pythagoras' math as beauty, Plato vs. Aristotle on beauty's essence, Kant's unique aesthetic judgments, Hegel on art's evolution towards spirit.
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Quick takeaways
Plato believed beauty reflects moral perfection, guiding individuals towards goodness through recollection of divine forms.
Aristotle emphasized beauty in the harmony of form and function, influencing modern design principles with a focus on practical utility.
Deep dives
Overview of Plato's View on Beauty in Aesthetics
Plato's view of beauty is rooted in the concept of 'kallos' in Greek, which signifies both sensible beauty perceived through the senses and moral nobility. He believed in the existence of perfect forms, such as the form of beauty, in a heavenly realm, influencing the perception of beauty on Earth. Plato saw beauty as a pedagogical tool, leading individuals to recollect their connection to the realm of forms and guiding them towards moral goodness.
The Influence of Pythagoras on Plato's Concept of Beauty
Pythagoras' emphasis on numerical proportions and musical harmonies in the cosmos influenced Plato's view of mathematics as the highest form of beauty. Plato considered geometric forms as the essence of the universe, associating truth, goodness, and perfection with beauty. He connected sensible beauty with the morally noble, using beauty as a means for the soul to recollect its divine origins.
Aristotle's Approach to Beauty and Its Relation to Functionality
Aristotle diverged from Plato by focusing on the real world and the appropriate function and order of things as sources of beauty. He emphasized order, symmetry, and definiteness as key elements of beauty, linking it to the harmony of form and function. Aristotle's perspective on beauty as the marriage of form and function influenced modern design principles, prioritizing the practical utility of objects for aesthetic appeal.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss beauty and its qualities."Beauty is truth, truth beauty, - that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know."That was John Keats' emphatic finale to his Ode on a Grecian Urn. It seems to express Plato's theory of aesthetics, his idea that an apprehension of beauty is an apprehension of perfection and that all things in our shadowy realm are botched representations of perfect 'forms' that exist elsewhere. Beauty is goodness and, for Plato, the ultimate of all the forms is 'The Good'.But does beauty really have a moral quality? And is it inherent in things, or in the mind of the observer? How much influence have Plato's ideas had on the history of aesthetics and what has been said to counter or develop them?With Angie Hobbs, Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Warwick; Susan James, Professor of Philosophy at Birkbeck College, University of London; Julian Baggini, Editor of The Philosophers' Magazine.
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