303 | AMA | February 2025

In 'A Theory of Justice,' John Rawls develops a moral theory of justice as fairness, which is an alternative to utilitarianism. The theory is based on the social contract approach and uses the concept of the original position and the veil of ignorance to derive two principles of justice. The first principle, the greatest equal liberty principle, ensures that each person has an equal right to the most extensive total system of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar system of liberty for all. The second principle, which includes the difference principle and the equal opportunity principle, states that social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged and attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity. Rawls's theory aims to reconcile liberty and equality in a well-ordered society.

In this book, David Bentley Hart engages in an unprecedented exploration of the mystery of consciousness through a Platonic dialogue. A group of aging Greek gods discuss the nature of existence, the mystery of mind, and whether there is a transcendent God from whom all things come. Hart systematically subjects the mechanical view of nature that has prevailed in Western culture for four centuries to dialectical interrogation, arguing that mental acts are irreducible to material causes. He powerfully rehabilitates a classical view where the structures of mind, organic life, and even language attest to an infinite act of intelligence in all things that we may as well call God.

In 'How Physics Makes Us Free,' Jenann Ismael delves into the problem of free will, examining what it means to make decisions and how our actions are determined by physical laws. She argues that human beings are not simply responding to external stimuli but are making decisions based on a set of beliefs, memories, and goals built up over a lifetime. Ismael's work suggests that the complexity of human behavior, even in a deterministic universe, affirms most of what we believe about our own freedom. The book is written in a jargon-free style, making it accessible to a broad audience.

In this book, Sean Carroll delves into the world of quantum mechanics, explaining how modern physics describes nature at its most profound level. Starting with the basics of quantum mechanics, Carroll discusses measurement, entanglement, and how the world is made of fields. He covers fundamental ideas such as spin, symmetry, Feynman diagrams, and the Higgs mechanism, providing a clear and accessible explanation of complex theories. The book is part of Carroll's series 'The Biggest Ideas in the Universe', aimed at making advanced physics concepts understandable for a broad audience.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to classical mechanics, including dynamical systems, vectors, calculus, Lagrangian mechanics, Hamiltonian mechanics, and electromagnetism. It is designed for those serious about learning physics and is part of the 'The Theoretical Minimum' series based on Stanford Continuing Studies courses taught by Leonard Susskind. The book aims to equip readers with the basic mathematical toolkit necessary to understand and engage with theoretical physics.