Dr. Lynette H. Ong, a Political Science Professor at the University of Toronto, discusses her book on state repression in contemporary China. She reflects on her nearly decade-long field research amid heavy political restrictions. Key topics include the role of community members in enforcing compliance, the troubling consequences of urban development, and the decline of trust during China's zero COVID policy. Ong's insights reveal the intricate dynamics of everyday governance and the darker side of China's rapid economic growth.
Understanding the intricate relationship between China's political system and its economic growth is crucial for analyzing its contemporary developments.
The Chinese Communist Party's strategy of utilizing non-state actors for societal compliance highlights the tension between state legitimacy and emerging social unrest.
Deep dives
The Evolution of Political Research in China
The speaker discusses how understanding China's political landscape is crucial to grasping its economic developments. Initially trained in economics, the speaker transitioned to political science to analyze the complex relationship between China’s political system and its growth. The ongoing urbanization efforts highlighted the prevalence of local thuggery and intimidation, which had largely gone unnoticed in broader academic discourse. This led to extensive fieldwork across multiple provinces, allowing the author to compile observations that would shape her understanding and research focus on state repression.
Methodologies and Challenges in Field Research
Field research in China has become increasingly difficult due to the tightening political climate, particularly from 2016 onward. The speaker reflects on how her extensive fieldwork, conducted over nine years across various cities, was feasible only due to timely access to grounds and local narratives. Ethnographic methods were primary, supplemented with analyses of government documents to provide context to the data. The shift in methodology towards using open source data reflects the adaptability required by political scientists to study an evolving and increasingly restrictive environment.
Everyday Repression and State Legitimacy
The concept of 'everyday state power' is central to the understanding of how the Chinese Communist Party governs through societal mobilization. Instead of resorting entirely to violent repression, the state often utilizes non-state actors, such as community members, to enforce compliance with policies, thus creating a facade of legitimacy and trust. This strategy has proven effective in societal integration, as demonstrated during moments of social control, such as the zero COVID policy enforcement. However, the emergence of social unrest has revealed cracks in this model of governance, indicating that declining trust could challenge the long-term stability of state policies.
In this episode of Pekingology from March 2023, Freeman Chair Jude Blanchette is joined by Dr. Lynette H. Ong, Professor of Political Science at the University of Toronto, jointly appointed to the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy’s Asian Institute and also a Faculty Fellow at the Schwartz Reisman Institute for Technology and Society. They discuss her recent book Outsourcing Repression: Everyday State Power in Contemporary China.
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