Episode 242: Dr. Nicole Avena on GLP-1s

Aug 13, 2025

In this discussion, Dr. Nicole Avena, a renowned neuroscientist and food addiction researcher, dives deep into GLP-1 receptor agonists. She explains how these drugs may curb cravings while unintentionally disrupting dopamine and mood regulation. The risks of anhedonia and apathy are explored, alongside the importance of mindful eating and holistic support. Dr. Avena emphasizes cautious use, especially in vulnerable groups, and discusses potential genetic factors linked to dopamine responses, making this a crucial listen for those considering GLP-1 treatments.

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INSIGHT

How GLP-1s Reduce Food Cravings

GLP-1 agonists blunt food reward by reducing dopamine release in reward areas like the nucleus accumbens and VTA.
This dopamine reduction explains why GLP-1s can reduce cravings for palatable, sugar-rich foods.

ADVICE

Prefer Low, Tolerable Dosing First

Start GLP-1s at low doses and consider whether a lower, tolerable dose may work instead of forcing escalation.
Monitor symptoms and avoid pushing to higher doses if side effects or anhedonia appear.

INSIGHT

GABA Links GLP‑1s To Dopamine Suppression

GLP-1 receptors sit on GABAergic neurons in the VTA and increasing GLP-1 activity enhances GABA inhibition.
Enhanced GABA inhibits dopaminergic neurons, producing a hypodopaminergic effect that dampens reward signaling.

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In this episode of the Food Junkies Podcast, Dr. Vera Tarman and Clarissa Kennedy welcome back Dr. Nicole Avena — neuroscientist, researcher, and author — to discuss her team's latest paper exploring a provocative question: Could GLP-1 receptor agonists, while reducing food cravings, also negatively impact dopamine regulation, mood, and addiction risk?

Dr. Avena breaks down the science behind GLP-1 drugs, their effects on the brain's reward pathways, and why these mechanisms might lead to unintended consequences such as anhedonia, apathy, and depressive symptoms. Together, they examine potential tolerance and rebound effects, the role of GABAergic neurons, and the paradox of eliminating "food noise" while risking a hypodopaminergic state. The conversation also covers dose-dependence, the importance of holistic support and mindful eating skills, and ethical considerations for use in vulnerable populations — especially those with a history of addiction or mental health challenges.

Listeners will gain nuanced insight into:

How GLP-1s work in the brain's reward and motivation systems
Why side effects may be tied to dosing, individual sensitivity, and muscle loss
The risk of emotional flattening and its impact on recovery and quality of life
Strategies to use these medications responsibly, including lower-dose approaches and lifestyle integration
Broader implications for the food industry, public health, and prevention — including concerns about pediatric use

Dr. Avena also shares a preview of her upcoming talk at the International Food Addiction & Comorbidities Conference in September 2025, where she'll address GLP-1 research, early-life risk factors for ultra-processed food addiction, and prevention strategies.

If you've ever wondered about the long-term story behind the GLP-1 craze — especially for those navigating food addiction recovery — this in-depth discussion is a must-listen.

Get your IN-PERSON or LIVESTREAM ticket(s) HERE! Use code SSO for a 40% discount!

The content of our show is educational only. It does not supplement or supersede your healthcare provider's professional relationship and direction. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified mental health providers with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition, substance use disorder, or mental health concern.