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Four Preconditions For Suffering
- Thomas Metzinger’s four necessary conditions for suffering are consciousness, ownership, negative valence, and realness.
- If any one of these is suspended even momentarily, suffering cannot occur.
Suspend Consciousness To Stop Suffering
- Use intentional techniques that temporarily suspend one Connor element to interrupt suffering in the moment.
- Practices like deep sleep, cessation, or trained unconsciousness can reliably stop suffering while active.
Question Ownership To Reduce Pain
- Question the sense of ownership by asking "To whom is this happening?" to loosen doership and reduce suffering.
- Practices like Ramana Maharshi's "Who am I?" directly undermine ownership and its pain.