229 | Nita Farahany on Ethics, Law, and Neurotechnology
Mar 13, 2023
01:11:59
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Quick takeaways
Neurotechnology advancements raise privacy concerns as brain activity can be measured and decoded, potentially compromising individuals' rights to self-determination and mental experiences.
Establishing legal and ethical safeguards to protect individuals' rights to consent and control over their brain data is crucial amidst the rapid technological advancements in neurotechnology.
Striking a balance between freedom, capitalism, and privacy is essential when regulating neurotechnology, necessitating a democratic process of deliberation to establish laws and protections.
Deep dives
The Privacy Concerns of Neurotechnology
Neurotechnology has advanced to the point where brain activity can be measured and decoded using consumer-based devices such as headphones or earbuds with electrodes. While the current technology may not be able to read detailed thoughts, it can pick up on sentiments and emotions. This raises serious privacy concerns as companies can potentially access this information without consent and make inferences about individuals. There are already instances of neuromarketing using brain data to target advertisements, and some companies are using brainwave headsets to assess employees or students. The need for legal and ethical safeguards is crucial to protect individuals' rights to self-determination over their brain and mental experiences.
The Need for Safeguards and Consent
As neurotechnology advances, it becomes more important than ever to establish safeguards and protect individuals' rights. The right to consent and have control over one's brain data is crucial. While there may be potential benefits to using neurotechnology in various fields, such as cognitive tests for hiring purposes or medical applications, these must be balanced with the need for privacy and ethical considerations. The focus should be on creating a default set of rights that prioritize individuals' self-determination over their own brains and mental experiences. Context-specific laws and regulations can then be developed to navigate the complexities of each situation.
The Challenges of Regulating Neurotechnology
Regulating neurotechnology presents significant challenges as the pace of technological advancements often outpaces legal and regulatory frameworks. The ability to read and interpret brain activity raises questions about the line between enhancing cognitive abilities and cheating in various domains. Employers and institutions may seek to use brain scans to assess individuals, potentially infringing on their right to self-determination and privacy. Striking a balance between freedom, capitalism, and privacy is crucial, and there is a need for democratic societies to engage in a process of deliberation to establish laws and protections. It is crucial to start with a baseline set of rights that prioritize individual consent and the protection of cognitive liberty.
The Shift in What It Means to Be Human
The speaker emphasizes that there is a seismic shift already underway in how humans interact with each other and the environment. People need to join the conversation, get educated, and be aware of the transformation happening in order to have a say in its future. The technology is already here, with headsets and multifunctional devices becoming more common. If people do not participate in the conversation now, it will soon be too late. The speaker notes the opportunity to establish the right to cognitive liberty before brain surveillance capitalism becomes widespread.
Adoption and Implications of Neurotechnology
People often unwittingly give access to their information without considering the broader implications. Examples like IKEA's rug campaign and EEG headsets in museums demonstrate how people engage in activities without fully understanding the consequences. Neurotechnology is already being adopted in various fields, such as gaming, virtual reality, and health tracking. While there are benefits to enhancements and convenience, privacy concerns and the commodification of brainwave data arise. Governments, employers, and oppressive regimes can misuse this data, leading to discrimination, cognitive warfare, and threats to freedom of thought. The speaker advocates for a right to cognitive liberty as a solution.
Every time our brain does some thinking, there are associated physical processes. In particular, electric currents and charged particles jump between neurons, creating associated electromagnetic fields. These fields can in principle be detected with proper technology, opening the possibility for reading your mind. That technology is currently primitive, but rapidly advancing, and it's not too early to start thinking about legal and ethical consequences when governments and corporations have access to your thoughts. Nita Farahany is a law professor and bioethicist who discusses these issues in her new book, The Battle for Your Brain: Defending the Right to Think Freely in the Age of Neurotechnology.
Nita Farahany received a J.D. and a Ph.D. in philosophy from Duke University. She is currently the Robinson O. Everett Distinguished Professor of Law & Philosophy at Duke, as well as Founding Director of the Duke Initiative for Science & Society. She has served on a number of government commissions, including the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues. She is a Fellow of the American Law Institute and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and was awarded the Duke Law School Distinguished Teaching Award.
