The Origins of Havana Syndrome: Strange Attacks and Unexplained Illnesses
In 2016, US diplomats based in Havana, Cuba, reported experiencing mysterious symptoms, including strange sounds, headaches, vertigo, and confusion. These symptoms, known as Havana Syndrome, were often accompanied by a high-pitched buzzing or hissing sound. While theories varied, two scientists concluded that the sound captured by one of the diplomats was actually the mating call of the indies short-tailed cricket. This sheds light on the possibility that insects, including crickets, can produce sounds that mimic technological interference or even sonic weapons.
Insect Sound Production: Ear Development and Mechanisms
Insects have various ways of producing sounds, depending on their body structures. They can generate noise through stridulation, which involves rubbing body parts together, such as crickets rubbing their wings. Cicadas vibrate a membrane on their abdomen to create their distinctive call. Insects can also make sounds by pushing air through their spiracles, like hissing cockroaches. By combining these different sound-producing techniques, insects are able to create unique calls and attract mates.
Evolutionary Adaptations and Sonic Feats of Insects
Insects employ remarkable evolutionary adaptations to their advantage. Some insects, like water boatman and moths, use baffles or leaf holes to amplify their sound and overcome the limitations of their small size. Certain tiger moths disrupt bat sonar by emitting clicks when they hear ultrasonic pulses, making it difficult for bats to locate and catch them. Moreover, insects are capable of adjusting their sound frequencies to be heard amidst other environmental noises. The incredible sonic feats of insects demonstrate their ability to communicate, attract mates, and defend against predators.
Why do bugs make the sounds they do? And how do they make them? In this episode, we explore the un-bee-lievable world of insect sounds, including crickets who craft tools to make themselves louder, and moths who can jam the natural sonar of bats. By the time it’s over, you’ll never hear these buzzes and chirps the same way again. Featuring entomologists Natasha Mhatre and Nancy Mioreli.
