Food scientist Arielle Johnson discusses flavor complexities, umami, terroir influence, and the science of taste perception with Neil deGrasse Tyson. They explore the evolution of flavor in food, artificial flavors, and the multi-billion dollar flavor industry. Topics also include the psychology of taste, breeding practices for flavorful fruits, challenges of microgravity agriculture, and future collaborations in taste tests and a forthcoming book.
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Quick takeaways
Carbon dioxide creates fizzy drinks, while nitrous oxide provides different textures and flavors in beverages.
Advancements in food science reveal new flavor molecules, enhancing complexity and understanding of taste perception.
Children have more taste buds, making them sensitive to flavors; taste preferences change with age and experiences shape taste perception.
Deep dives
Carbonation Process in Fizzy Drinks
Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to create fizzy drinks due to the gas's ability to dissolve in water. Other gases like nitrous oxide can also be used in tap systems for beverages, providing different textures and flavors. Unlike helium, carbon dioxide creates a unique prickly sensation on the tongue, possibly interacting with taste receptors in a distinct way.
Flavor Evolution in Food Science
Advancements in food science have revealed new natural flavor molecules that were previously undetected. Understanding the molecular structure of food components has enhanced the complexity of flavor profiles in foods. The science of flavor goes beyond tasting experience, delving into the chemistry behind taste perception.
Taste Perception and Age
Children's taste buds are more abundant, making them more sensitive to flavors, especially bitter ones that can indicate potential toxicity. As individuals age, taste buds decrease in number, leading to changes in flavor preferences over time. Experiences and exposures shape taste perception, allowing for the development of acquired tastes.
Changes in Food Preparation on the Moon
In a pressurized habitation module on the moon, cooking processes remain similar to those on Earth. Lower gravity does not significantly impact food preparation, as it mainly affects physical behaviors like pouring. Challenges may arise in growing food due to water's high surface tension in microgravity, requiring unique solutions for cultivating crops.
Evolution of Flavor in Molecular Gastronomy
Molecular gastronomy explores food and cooking on a molecular level, enhancing understanding of flavor components and interactions. The field has revolutionized culinary practices, leading to innovative techniques and flavor pairings that break traditional boundaries. Flavor experiences are evolving as scientists delve deeper into the molecular structures of food ingredients.
What is flavor? Neil deGrasse Tyson and co-hosts Chuck Nice and Gary O’Reilly explore the science of what makes some foods tastier than others, what is “umami,” and how flavor changed in the 20th century with food scientist Arielle Johnson.
Thanks to our Patrons Lisa Pulkrabek, David Guilbault, TheRealErikEvans, Daniel Jones, Joshua Troke, Chris Hampton, Shaun Grossman, Pete Evans, Chris Love, and andrea nasi for supporting us this week.
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