AI-powered
podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Research shows that emotion perception is not universally consistent. Tests like the Mind in the Eyes test, which involves matching emotions to sets of eyes, may initially suggest universality. However, when words are removed and free labeling is allowed, individual differences emerge. In fact, when naturalistic faces are used, the perceived universality diminishes significantly.
The assumption of universal emotional expressions, as proposed by researchers like Paul Ekman, has been widely taught and accepted. However, these assumptions are based on artificial stimuli and posed faces. Naturalistic expressions show much more variability, with low reliability and specificity. Facial expressions are not reliable indicators of specific emotions.
Relying on the theory of constructed emotions, it is argued that emotions are not universally predetermined or innate. Instead, emotions are constructed by the brain in response to specific situations and past experiences. Variability in emotions and their expression is the norm, rather than universality.
The theory emphasizes that cognitive factors, such as past experiences, shape emotions. Cultural and societal influences also play a significant role in emotion perception and expression. This challenges the idea of universal emotions and highlights the need to consider individual differences and cultural contexts.
Emotions are constructed in the same way as other perceptions and thoughts. They are not innate or universal, but rather learned through socialization and language. The brain constantly regulates the body and interprets sensory data, creating affect as a representation of the body's internal state. Emotion words play a crucial role in teaching people abstract emotional concepts. By deconstructing emotions, such as anxiety, into their sensory components, individuals can better understand and manage their emotional experiences.
The ongoing debates in cognitive science reflect a recurrent pattern of dichotomies, such as domain general versus domain specific mechanisms or essences versus constructed concepts. These debates point to a fundamental aspect of human cognition and the need for order and systematization. The desire to reduce psychological entropy leads to the categorization and conceptualization of phenomena. Understanding how the brain constructs and organizes knowledge in these debates can shed light on universal cognitive processes and the fundamental ways in which humans make sense of the world.
In this episode, I talk to renowned neuroscientist Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett about emotions and the brain. She reveals what the true function of the brain is⎯and it’s not for thinking. We also discuss the impact of past experiences on our cognition and what we can do to overcome our own detrimental patterns. Further into our discussion, Dr. Lisa challenges the traditionally held view that emotions are universal. In her own theory of constructed emotion, she argues that variability in emotional expression exists due to socialization and language differences. We also touch on the topics of hallucinogens, culture, education, relationships, and authoritarianism.
Bio
Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett is among the top one percent most-cited scientists in the world for her revolutionary research in psychology and neuroscience. She is a University Distinguished Professor of Psychology at Northeastern University. She also holds appointments at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, where she is Chief Science Officer for the Center for Law, Brain & Behavior.
Her books include Seven and a Half Lessons About the Brain and How Emotions are Made. She has published over 240 peer-reviewed, scientific papers appearing in Science, Nature Neuroscience, and other top journals. Dr. Barrett has been called “the most important affective scientist of our time”.
Website: lisafeldmanbarrett.com
Twitter: @LFeldmanBarrett
Topics
00:00:27 Lisa’s interest in clinical psychology
00:03:14 A biological approach to emotions
00:05:32 Why do we have a neocortex?
00:14:01 The default mode network
00:19:27 The brain is not for thinking
00:22:48 The rise of authoritarianism during chaos
00:29:52 Psychological entropy
00:33:26 Predictions are based from past experiences
00:42:23 The mind-brain problem
00:44:36 Relationships are reflexive
00:50:02 Emotional expression isn’t universal
00:56:53 Why you shouldn’t trust psychology textbooks
01:01:20 Reaching out to Paul Ekman
01:08:53 The theory of constructed emotion
01:15:43 The role of socialization and language in emotions
01:20:13 The never-ending domain-general vs domain-specific debate in cognitive science
See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode
Hear something you like? Tap your headphones to save it with AI-generated key takeaways
Send highlights to Twitter, WhatsApp or export them to Notion, Readwise & more
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode