Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the 18th-century obsession with taste, reflecting on the societal impact of aesthetics in fashion, architecture, and art. They explore the evolution of taste from philosophical roots to social judgments, the role of taste in shaping social hierarchies in the British Empire, and its portrayal in British literature like Jane Austen's novels.
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Quick takeaways
Taste in the 18th century reflected societal anxieties about excess luxury and moral decline, intertwining beauty and virtue.
The democratization of taste in the 18th century extended cultural refinement beyond the elite to the rising middle classes.
Deep dives
Obsession with Taste in the 18th Century Society
In the 18th century, Britain's wealth surged, stirring anxiety about excessive luxury potentially leading to societal decline. Taste, defined as an appreciation of beauty and perfection, emerged from France as a concept to discern artistic beauty. The concept of taste became intertwined with debates on luxury as elites feared moral decline due to unbridled excess. Notably, figures like the Earl of Shaftesbury elevated taste to a moral and philosophical significance, linking aesthetic judgments to moral virtues.
Social Hierarchies and Taste as a Mediator
Social hierarchies were redefined in the 18th century by the application of taste to various aspects of life. Taste acted as a philosophical and practical rule opposing religious enthusiasm and excessive behaviors. It promoted balance, order, and perspective in design, influencing architecture and cultural norms. The notion of taste became symbolic of a moral order that resisted unbridled excess, reflecting society's values and aspirations for moderation and elegance.
Challenge to Social Norms and Rise of Middle-Class Taste
The 18th-century witnessed a democratization of taste beyond the elite, extending to the rising middle classes seeking cultural refinement. Middle-class individuals adopted taste in their homes, gardens, and personal expressions, aligning with social norms. Notably, novels like Richardson's 'Pamela' showcased characters transitioning from low origins to refined tastes, reflecting the era's preoccupation with social mobility and acquisition of cultural refinement.
Novel Literary Expressions of Taste and Social Critique
Novels of the 18th century played a dual role in reflecting and critiquing societal notions of taste and refinement. While literature espoused ideals of gentility and the acquisition of taste, it also satirized pretentious displays of taste and the challenges of social hierarchy. Authors like Jane Austen subtly mocked taste, highlighting the tension between social aspirations and genuine refinement. Through characters' journeys towards refinement, novels explored themes of social mobility and cultural cultivation.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the 18th century obsession with taste. In the mid 18th century the social commentator, George Coleman, decried the great fashion of his time: “Taste is at present the darling idol of the polite world…The fine ladies and gentlemen dress with Taste; the architects, whether Gothic or Chinese, build with Taste; the painters paint with Taste; critics read with Taste; and in short, fiddlers, players, singers, dancers, and mechanics themselves, are all the sons and daughters of Taste. Yet in this amazing super-abundancy of Taste, few can say what it really is, or what the word itself signifies.”From the pens of philosophers to the interior decor of the middle classes, the idea of good and bad taste shaped decisions about dress, wallpaper, furniture, architecture, literature and much more. The period saw an explosion in the taste industries - the origins of Chippendale furniture, Wedgwood pottery and Christie's auction house - and a similar growth in magazines and journals devoted to the new aesthetic, moral and social guidelines. But taste was also a battle ground that pitched old money against new, the city against the country and men against women. With Amanda Vickery, Reader in History at Royal Holloway, University of London; John Mullan, Professor of English at University College London; Jeremy Black, Professor of History at the University of Exeter
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