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Logic: Inference and Reasoning
- Logic studies valid inference, drawing conclusions from premises.
- It analyzes deductive reasoning, where conclusions rearrange premise information, and inductive reasoning, which generalizes from samples.
Validity and Soundness in Arguments
- Argument validity depends solely on form, not content.
- True premises in a valid form guarantee a true conclusion, creating a sound argument.
Formal vs. Informal Logic
- Formal logic guarantees true conclusions from true premises in a valid structure, like "All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal."
- Informal logic studies other reasoning aspects, such as vagueness and ambiguity.