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Deliberate heat exposure, such as through saunas, activates various mechanisms in the body that can improve health and well-being. Regular sauna use has been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality and improve overall risk prediction. Heating the body triggers a cardiovascular response, including increased heart rate, blood flow, and stroke volume. Heat exposure also affects hormone levels, such as reducing cortisol and activating heat shock proteins that protect proteins in the body. Activation of heat shock proteins prevents protein misfolding and repairs damaged DNA. Sauna use has also been linked to increased production of growth hormone and the activation of the FOXO3 gene, involved in DNA repair. Different sauna protocols and temperatures can yield specific health benefits. However, caution should be exercised to avoid hyperthermia.
Sauna exposure can be beneficial for health optimization and longevity. Sauna sessions should range between 80-100 degrees Celsius, lasting 5-20 minutes per session. Two to three sauna sessions per week can significantly reduce cardiovascular mortality, while four to seven sessions per week offer even greater benefits. Heat exposure in saunas increases cardiovascular exercise-like effects, activates heat shock proteins for cellular protection, and influences hormone levels. Deliberate heat exposure should be approached with caution, avoiding hyperthermia and ensuring the temperature and duration are suitable for individual tolerance levels.
Heat exposure activates heat shock proteins, which play a crucial role in protecting proteins from misfolding in response to changing temperatures. These proteins also contribute to DNA repair mechanisms and removal of senescent cells. Studies in animals and humans indicate that deliberate heat exposure, such as sauna use, can increase the production of heat shock proteins. Activation of these proteins helps maintain cellular health and potentially extends lifespan. While sauna protocols can vary, achieving a temperature range of 80-100 degrees Celsius and staying in the sauna for 5-20 minutes per session can stimulate heat shock protein production.
Sauna use has been shown to stimulate the release of growth hormone, which supports tissue repair, metabolism, and cell growth. Regular sauna sessions, ideally 57 minutes per week divided into multiple sessions, along with brief cold exposure, can optimize growth hormone production. Growth hormone levels naturally decline with age, leading to decreased tissue repair and other effects. Sauna exposure, when combined with cold exposure and other factors like low blood sugar, can help boost growth hormone levels for improved health and regeneration.
Combining exercise and heat exposure, such as sauna sessions, can stimulate the release of growth hormone. Deliberate heat exposure through sauna bathing has been shown to increase growth hormone output significantly. In a study where subjects spent two hours a day in an 80 degree Celsius environment, growth hormone levels went up sixteenfold. However, the effects of sauna exposure on growth hormone diminished with more frequent exposure. The study suggests that infrequent sauna sessions, perhaps once a week, yield the greatest increases in growth hormone.
Deliberate heat exposure, like sauna therapy, has been found to improve mood and overall mental health. When exposed to heat, the body releases endorphins, natural chemicals that can induce pleasurable sensations and reduce pain. Over time, repeated heat exposure can increase the efficiency of the feel-good pathways in the brain, allowing individuals to experience more joy and happiness. Moreover, sauna bathing has been associated with a lower risk of developing psychotic disorders, suggesting the potential for heat therapy to benefit mental health in various ways.
Research has explored the effects of local hyperthermia, where specific areas of the body are heated, on fat conversion and metabolism. In a study using mice and humans, local heat therapy increased the conversion of white fat to beige fat, which is a more metabolically active form of fat. This conversion led to systemic increases in metabolism and potential improvements in glucose regulation. While spot reduction is not possible, local heating methods may hold promise for increasing metabolism and promoting fat loss.
Sauna usage can be optimized based on specific goals and individual needs. Infrequent sauna sessions, once per week, may yield the greatest increases in growth hormone. For cardiovascular benefits, sauna usage two to four times per week may be beneficial. To access mental health benefits, sauna exposure that induces slight discomfort should be used. Timing is important, as heat exposure before sleep can interfere with the natural decrease in body temperature associated with sleep onset. Therefore, evening sauna sessions or those post-workout may be preferable.
I describe the mechanisms by which deliberate heat exposure impacts body temperature, metabolism, heart health, hormone production, exercise recovery, cognition, mood, and longevity. I detail specific protocols for deliberate heat exposure, including exposure times, temperature ranges to consider, time of day, and delivery mechanisms (sauna vs. hot bath vs. open air heat, etc.) in order to achieve different specific outcomes, including dramatic growth hormone releases, or reduction in cortisol levels. I also discuss the ability of locally applied heat to heal or otherwise improve various bodily tissues and new data on how local application of heat may induce the conversion of metabolically sluggish white fat to metabolically robust beige fat.
For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman
LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman
https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman
(00:00:00) Heat & Health
(00:03:37) Momentous Supplements
(00:05:09) Sponsors: AG1, LMNT
(00:09:31) Body Shell Temperature vs. Body Core Temperature
(00:13:28) Thermal Regulation, Hyperthermia
(00:17:36) Heat Removal Circuits, Pre-Optic Hypothalamus (POA)
(00:26:30) Protocols & Benefits of Deliberate Heat Exposure
(00:33:37) Tools & Conditions for Deliberate Heat Exposure
(00:38:47) Deliberate Heat Exposure, Cortisol & Cardiovascular Health
(00:44:50) Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs), Molecular Mechanisms of Heat Regulation
(00:47:56) Longevity & Heat Exposure, FOXO3
(00:52:30) Deliberate Cold & Heat Exposure & Metabolism
(00:54:48) Deliberate Heat Exposure & Growth Hormone
(01:04:32) Parameters for Heat & Cold Exposure
(01:08:26) Circadian Rhythm & Body Temperature, Cold & Heat Exposure
(01:12:00) Heat Exposure & Growth Hormone
(01:16:20) Tool: Hydration & Sauna
(01:17:10) Heat, Endorphins & Dynorphins, Mood
(01:28:44) Tool: Glabrous Skin To Heat or Cool
(01:35:33) Local Hyperthermia, Converting White Fat to Beige Fat, Metabolism
(01:47:00) Hormesis/Mitohormesis & Heat/Cold Exposure
(01:49:11) Benefits of Heat Exposure
(01:51:10) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, Instagram, Twitter, Neural Network Newsletter
Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac
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