The Thanksgiving Quest For The (Scientifically) Best Turkey
Nov 22, 2023
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NPR science correspondent Maria Godoy seeks expert advice from food science writer Nik Sharma and cookbook author Kenji López-Alt to cook a juicy and flavorful turkey this Thanksgiving. They discuss the difficulties of cooking turkey, the science behind different muscle fibers, and the importance of cooking meat at the right temperature and time. The speakers emphasize the significance of having people around the table for Thanksgiving, even if the food doesn't turn out perfect.
To cook a flavorful turkey, it is recommended to break down the bird into parts or use the spatchcocking technique to allow for different cooking times for the dark and light meat, preventing overcooking or drying out the breast.
Brining is a crucial step for a tasty turkey, with salt being the most important component as it helps retain moisture, tenderize the meat, and improve flavor. Using fermented dairy products like yogurt, buttermilk, or kefir in the brine can result in a more tender and flavorful turkey.
Deep dives
Cooking a Juicy and Flavorful Thanksgiving Turkey with Science
Cooking a tasty Thanksgiving turkey can be a challenge due to its unflavorful nature. Cookbook authors and food science writers, Nick Sharma and Kenji Lopez-Alt, explain that cooking the whole bird based on timing is ineffective and leads to dry meat. To achieve a juicy and flavorful turkey, they recommend starting at the butcher shop by getting the bird cut up in parts or using the spatchcocking technique to flatten it. This allows for different cooking times for the dark and light meat, preventing overcooking or drying out the breast. Additionally, using a roasting pan is discouraged as it unevenly distributes the heat, favoring the breast and drying it out further. Instead, laying out the bird parts flat ensures even cooking. Brining is another crucial step for a tasty turkey, with salt being the most important component. Both wet and dry brining methods have advocates, but the addition of salt helps retain moisture, tenderize the meat, and improve flavor. For those looking for an ultimate brine, Nick Sharma suggests using fermented dairy products like yogurt, buttermilk, or kefir, as the lactic acid in these brines gently affects the meat proteins, resulting in a more tender turkey. Even if the turkey doesn't turn out as planned, the essence of Thanksgiving lies in bringing loved ones together around the table.
The Science of Timing and Geometry in Cooking Turkey
Cooking a whole turkey based on minutes per pound is ineffective due to the bird's inconsistent geometry and ovens' accuracy issues. Instead, Nick Sharma and Kenji Lopez-Alt advise breaking down the turkey into parts or using the spatchcocking technique to create a flat surface for even cooking. Understanding the different muscle fibers in the turkey's dark and light meat is crucial. The fast-twitch muscle fibers in the light meat are low in fat and connective tissue, making them prone to overcooking. On the other hand, the slow-twitch muscle fibers in the dark meat require higher cooking temperatures to break down connective tissue. By cooking the parts separately, the dark meat and light meat can be cooked to their optimal temperatures, resulting in a well-cooked and juicy turkey.
The Importance of Brining and Salt in Turkey Preparation
Brining plays a crucial role in making a turkey juicy and flavorful. While there is a debate between wet and dry brining methods, both methods rely on the use of salt. Salt not only adds flavor but also helps retain moisture in the meat, tenderizes it, and changes the proteins' characteristics through chemical reactions. By loosening the meat proteins, salt allows for better water retention, resulting in a juicier bird. For those seeking the ultimate brine, fermented dairy products like yogurt, kefir, or buttermilk can be used. The lactic acid in these dairy-based brines gently affects the meat proteins, resulting in a more tender and flavorful turkey. Despite the cooking techniques and brining methods used, the most important aspect of Thanksgiving is the opportunity to gather friends and family around the table, even if the turkey doesn't turn out perfect.
Turkey is the usual centerpiece of the Thanksgiving dinner, but it's all too easy to end up with a dry, tough, flavorless bird. For NPR science correspondent Maria Godoy, it got so bad that several years ago, her family decided to abandon the turkey tradition altogether. Can science help her make a better bird this year? That's what she hopes as she seeks expert advice from food science writers and cookbook authors Nik Sharma and Kenji López-Alt.
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