In this engaging discussion, award-winning novelist Naomi Alderman delves into the messy magic of human thinking, sharing insights from her series on creativity and innovation. Neurologist Adam Zeman explores the latest scientific findings on imagination and its crucial role in human cognition. Historian Michelle Aroney highlights the fascinating art of divination, showcasing how various cultures historically sought certainty through mysterious practices. Together, they unveil the complexities of human intelligence and the profound influence of imagination on our lives.
Human creativity is uniquely characterized by empathetic understanding and profound insights, which artificial intelligence fails to replicate.
Imagination serves as a crucial bridge between perception and reality, influencing cultural progress and individual decision-making through intertwined emotions and rationality.
Deep dives
The Nature of Human Intelligence
Human intelligence encompasses unique qualities that remain unreplicable by artificial intelligence, particularly in creative fields like writing. Experts argue that while AI is efficient in generating predictable outcomes, it lacks the capacity for original thought that requires an unexpected leap of imagination. For instance, a novelist may find solace in the understanding that their creative process involves producing the least expected word, something current AI struggles to achieve. This distinction underscores the intrinsic value of human creativity, which is marked by an empathic understanding and profound insights into the human experience.
Imagination and Reality
The concepts surrounding imagination reveal that it plays a crucial role in shaping human perception and understanding of reality. Recent findings suggest that sensory visualization, even in a faint capacity, can influence physiological responses, such as pupil constriction when imagining a bright light. This highlights the brain's complex networks that contribute to imagining and recalling experiences, suggestive of a close relationship between perception and reality. This interplay is significant not only for individual creativity but also for broader cultural developments, as imagination fuels human creativity and drives cultural progress.
Divination and Human Inquiry
Divination has been a persistent aspect of human culture, reflecting the universal desire for understanding and reassurance in uncertain situations. Historical practices reveal that societies have turned to various methods, from astrology to cartomancy, as tools to navigate personal and communal uncertainties. While often regarded with skepticism, these practices offer insights into human anxieties and serve therapeutic purposes, allowing individuals to contemplate their lives and decisions. The underlying appeal of divination lies in its ability to create a framework for discussing uncertainties and affirming personal choices amidst the complexities of life.
Connections Between Science and Emotion
The exploration of human thought processes reveals that emotions and rationality are deeply intertwined, influencing decision-making and creativity. Historical figures, like Mary Wollstonecraft, illustrate how personal experiences shape their intellectual pursuits, reflecting the dual influence of emotional and rational thought. In discussing how different thinkers approached their work, it becomes clear that an integrated view of human experience—encompassing emotion, intellect, and imagination—produces richer and more nuanced understandings. This complexity emphasizes that creativity and intellectual growth are not solely products of reason but are relational processes involving the depth of human experience.
Tom Sutcliffe and guests discuss how we solve problems and imagine the future. While many people now point to the potential of AI, the prize winning writer Naomi Alderman is interested in the messy magic of human thinking. In the forthcoming BBC Radio 4 series, Human Intelligence she tells the stories of the people – with all their ingenuity and foibles – who built the modern world.
Across history human cultures have devised a wide range of practices to understand, and discover, the mysteries of the past, present and future. The exhibition Oracles, Omens and Answers (at the Bodleian Library, Oxford, until April 2025), co-curated by Dr Michelle Aroney showcases the art of divination. From the use of cards, beads and spiders, to studying the stars, weather and palm lines people have sought ways to clarify and predict the world around them.
Human imagination is not just the tool of fiction writers, but something that’s vital to navigate the world; to reminisce, anticipate and plan for the future. But how does it work? The neurologist Adam Zeman explores the very latest scientific studies in the world of the imagination, in his new book, The Shape of Things Unseen.
Producer: Katy Hickman
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