The surprising psychology behind extremism, and how politics is driving it
Jun 27, 2024
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Psychology study shows ambivalence can lead to supporting extremist actions. Professor Richard Petty discusses what drives extremism in politics, how to combat it, and the role of politicians in perpetuating polarization.
Ambivalence fuels support for extremist actions, challenging traditional beliefs.
Acknowledging opposing viewpoints reduces polarization and promotes understanding in politics.
Deep dives
Influence of Ambivalence on Extreme Behaviors
Ambivalence, defined as conflicting feelings towards attitudes, plays a significant role in extreme beliefs and behaviors. Research indicates that individuals with extreme attitudes and uncertainty are more inclined towards endorsing or engaging in violent actions to compensate for their mixed feelings. This discomfort from ambivalence leads individuals to overcompensate, especially when holding strong but conflicting views.
Addressing Extremism through Messaging Strategies
To combat extremism and polarization, acknowledging the ambivalence and uncertainty in individuals' attitudes is crucial. Using a two-sided messaging approach to recognize some positives about the opposing viewpoint has shown effectiveness in reducing polarization and encouraging understanding. By validating existing beliefs while introducing alternative perspectives respectfully, individuals are more likely to consider different viewpoints.
Political Influence and Polarization
In the political realm, acknowledging concerns and perceptions of the opposing side can aid in reducing polarization and promoting understanding. Politicians can address issues by recognizing public worries and presenting their approaches to alleviate those concerns, thereby fostering a more balanced discourse. However, negative information and hatred towards the other side remain powerful motivators in driving political engagement and decision-making, emphasizing the need for careful messaging strategies to bridge ideological divides.
Psychologists usually expect ambivalence to be a driver of political apathy. But a new study appears to show a link between ambivalence in our views and the likelihood that we’ll support extremist actions. Madeleine Finlay speaks to the study’s co-author Richard Petty, professor of psychology at Ohio State University, to find out what pushes people to take extreme actions, how politics could be driving this behaviour and how it could be combated. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/sciencepod
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