520: A Harvard Expert’s Guide to Mastering Conversations
Jan 22, 2025
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In this engaging discussion, Alison Wood Brooks, an Associate Professor at Harvard Business School and author of 'Talk: The Science of Conversation and the Art of Being Ourselves,' shares insights into the art of conversation. She introduces the 'topic pyramid,' emphasizing the importance of small talk, tailored talk, and deep talk. Listeners learn strategies for navigating difficult conversations, like acknowledgment and empathy. Alison explains how mastering conversational skills enhances personal relationships and professional success, making every dialogue count.
Mastering conversations requires structured approaches, such as the topic pyramid, to enhance engagement and deepen relationships.
Recognizing conversations as coordination puzzles emphasizes the importance of strategic preparation and cognitive offloading for effective communication.
Deep dives
The Importance of Conversation Skills
Conversations require more than basic exchanges; they involve complex decision-making and coordination between participants. The guest, an associate professor, underscores the significance of understanding conversations as a critical social skill that can be systematically studied and improved. With her extensive experience at Harvard, she developed a course aimed at enhancing students' communication abilities, revealing that even mundane interactions can become challenging when unexpected topics arise. This highlights the need for structured approaches to conversation in both personal and professional contexts.
Understanding Coordination Games in Conversation
Conversations can be viewed as a series of coordination games where participants must make simultaneous decisions without prior communication. The analogy emphasizes that conversations are filled with choices that may lead to successful or awkward exchanges, akin to the classic games studied in behavioral economics, like the game of chicken or the prisoner's dilemma. Recognizing conversations as coordination puzzles allows individuals to appreciate the complexity involved and reduces anxiety related to miscommunication. This understanding also emphasizes the need for strategic preparation to navigate these social interactions effectively.
System One vs. System Two Thinking
Participants often rely heavily on System One thinking, which is instinctual and intuitive, rather than engaging in more deliberative System Two thinking during conversations. This reliance leads to missed opportunities for deeper engagement and effective communication. The guest advocates for cognitive offloading—taking a moment to prepare key topics before the conversation begins to steer discussions more purposefully. By engaging System Two thinking, individuals can enhance their conversations, leading to more enjoyable and impactful exchanges.
Topic Preparation as a Key Strategy
Effective conversations benefit greatly from topic preparation, which involves thinking ahead about discussion points tailored to the other person. Many individuals initially resist this idea, fearing it could make conversations feel scripted, but evidence shows that having backup topics can ease anxiety and improve the quality of exchanges. The discussion emphasizes that preparation should focus on the interests of the conversational partner, fostering more meaningful interactions. By utilizing strategies like personalized prep and the topic pyramid, conversationalists can transition from small talk to deeper, more engaging dialogue.
Welcome to Strategy Skills episode 520, an interview with the author of TALK: The Science of Conversation and the Art of Being Ourselves, Alison Wood Brooks.
In this episode, Alison shares how her experiences at Harvard shaped her understanding of one of the most critical skills for anyone in any industry: conversation. She introduces the concept of the “topic pyramid”, which includes small talk, tailored talk, and deep talk, and shares strategies for handling difficult conversations, such as using acknowledgment, affirmation, and hedging language. Alison shows why conversing more effectively can make a big difference in the quality of our close personal relationships and our professional success.
Alison Wood Brooks is an Associate Professor at the Harvard Business School. She created and teaches a cutting-edge course to MBA students and executives.