Tolkien, Philosopher of War: A Conversation with Graham McAleer
Jan 30, 2025
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Graham McAleer, a philosophy professor at Loyola University and author of *Tolkien, Philosopher of War*, delves into J.R.R. Tolkien's complex views on war. He examines how Tolkien's wartime experiences influenced his narratives, contrasting the tranquility of the Shire with the harsh realities of conflict. McAleer discusses Tolkien's critiques of Enlightenment thought and his moral reflections through characters like Sauron and Saruman. Additionally, he highlights themes of vanity, mortality, and the significance of the sunflower in Tolkien's artistic vision.
Tolkien's philosophical reflections on war reveal a profound understanding of the human condition, highlighting humanity's relentless pursuit for more as a source of conflict.
McAleer emphasizes the Shire's strategic significance in Tolkien's narratives, illustrating how even idyllic settings are entwined with broader themes of warfare and struggle.
Deep dives
The Philosophical Roots of Tolkien's Writing
The podcast delves into Professor Graham McAleer's personal journey with Tolkien, emphasizing the significance of Tolkien's letters and personal writings in understanding his philosophical perspectives. McAleer reveals that his initial interest was sparked by students’ enthusiasm for Tolkien's films, which led him to teach courses on the philosophical dimensions of Tolkien's works. As he engaged more deeply with Tolkien's letters, he discovered profound philosophical insights that reshaped his understanding of Tolkien as not merely a storyteller but a thinker with considerable metaphysical concerns. This exploration presents Tolkien as a figure increasingly consumed by profound philosophical ideas through the evolution of his writing.
Tolkien's Philosophy of War
The discussion transitions into Tolkien's views on war, with McAleer highlighting that Tolkien viewed war as an inescapable aspect of the human experience. He noted that Tolkien saw humanity's desire for more—be it power, beauty, or immortality—as a catalyst for conflict. Additionally, Tolkien’s letters express regrets about war's societal impacts, indicating that while he detested its grim realities, he acknowledged its ties to the human condition. This duality underscores Tolkien’s belief that the quest for satisfaction and order often spills into violence and warfare.
The Shire and Its Strategic Significance
Further insights reveal the strategic importance of landscapes, particularly the Shire, within Tolkien's narratives. McAleer connects Tolkien's depiction of the Shire to the inherent conflict and warfare dynamics, illustrating how the idyllic land symbolizes not just peace but a backdrop to the broader struggles seen in Middle-earth. He elaborates on how Tolkien’s geographical descriptions serve military purposes, noting that even seemingly peaceful settings hold implications for warfare and strategy. This analysis elevates the Shire from a simple pastoral setting to a crucial element shaping the stories and conflicts in Tolkien's work.
The Relationship between Mortality and Heroism
The podcast also highlights Tolkien's perspective on mortality, contrasting the short lives of men with the long lives of elves and the burdens that come with such existence. McAleer emphasizes how characters like Aragorn accept their mortality and find meaning in their sacrifices through narratives layered with themes of ennoblement amidst grim realities. He argues that Tolkien's own personal experiences with loss and the horrors of war deeply influenced his understanding of heroism, suggesting that true heroism lies not in the denial of death but in the acceptance of one's finite existence. This perspective adds depth to characters' actions, demonstrating that their heroism is defined by the choices they make in light of their mortality.
In this episode, we explore the profound philosophical and theological dimensions of J.R.R. Tolkien's work, particularly his views on war. In his book Tolkien, Philosopher of War(Catholic University of America Press, 2024), McAleer uncovers Tolkien's critique of Enlightenment thought and his deep concern with the apocalyptic politics of his time. He argues that Tolkien’s metaphysical, political, and aesthetic views—shaped by a rejection of gnosticism, a defense of monarchy, and a resistance to Futurism—offer a unique perspective on the dangers of progressivism and total war. We explore Tolkien’s personal experience which inform his writings and the processes by which he was able to sculpt these great works and systems of thought. This conversation sheds light on Tolkien's modern critique of political ideologies and offers new insights for readers of Catholic studies, war philosophy, and Tolkien Studies alike.
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