Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Trofim Lysenko, a geneticist in Stalin's Russia whose controversial ideas distorted science. Lysenko's influence on Soviet agriculture, the suppression of dissent, and the lasting impact of Lysenkoism on the Soviet Union's trajectory are explored in this intriguing podcast.
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Quick takeaways
Stalin's ambitious plan aimed at modernizing Russian society contrasted global economic crises, setting the USSR as a model for societal organization.
Despite evidence of scientific flaws, Lysenko's manipulation and intolerance in Stalin's USSR led to catastrophic agricultural failures, undermining scientific progress.
Deep dives
Stalin's Vision of Modernity Through the First Five-Year Plan
Stalin's ambitious 1928 plan aimed at modernizing all sectors of Russian society, contrasting with global economic crises. The plan, focusing on transforming the economy and society comprehensively, set the USSR as a model for societal organization. Despite resistance, the Soviet economy showcased growth amid global struggles, embodying an alternative economic structure.
Impact of Agricultural Collectivization on Soviet Society
Stalin's collectivization aimed to centralize small farms into large state-owned units, radically altering agricultural structures. The immediate impact was catastrophic with losses in both quantity and quality. Despite evidence of scientific flaws in Lysenko's genetic theories, Soviet agriculture persisted with disastrous consequences, leading to long-term agricultural collapse and dependence on foreign grain imports.
Lysenko's Ideological Manipulation of Soviet Science
Trophim Lysenko, a self-taught geneticist, rose to power through manipulation and intolerance of dissent in Stalin's USSR. Lysenko promoted pseudo-scientific theories like vernalization and collective agriculture, intertwining science with ideology. His self-publicity, intolerance of criticism, and constant pursuit of new unproven ideas led to catastrophic agricultural failures, undermining Soviet Union's scientific progress.
Downfall of Lysenkoism and Legacy on Soviet Science
Although Soviet science attempted to resist Lysenko's unfounded ideas, the regime's centralized control stifled dissent until Khrushchev's era, when Lysenkoism began facing scrutiny. Lysenko's fall highlighted the pitfalls of ideological interference in science, revealing the detrimental impact on agricultural self-sufficiency and scientific progress. The enduring legacy of Lysenkoism underscored the danger of prioritizing ideology over empirical evidence in scientific advancement.
Melvyn Bragg and guests delve into the dark world of genetics under Joseph Stalin in discussing the career of Trofim Lysenko. In 1928, as America lurched towards the Wall Street Crash, Joseph Stalin revealed his master plan - nature was to be conquered by science, Russia to be made brutally, glitteringly modern and the world transformed by communist endeavour.Into the heart of this vision stepped Trofim Lysenko, a self-taught geneticist who promised to turn Russian wasteland into a grain-laden Garden of Eden. Today, Lysenko is a byword for fraud but in Stalin’s Russia his outlandish ideas about genetic inheritance and evolution became law. They reveal a world of science distorted by ideology, where ideas were literally a matter of life and death. To disagree with Lysenko risked the gulag and yet he destroyed Soviet Agriculture and damaged, perhaps irreparably, the Soviet Union’s capacity to fight and win the Cold War. With Robert Service, Professor of Russian History at the University of Oxford; Steve Jones, Professor of Genetics at University College London; Catherine Merridale, Professor of Contemporary History at Queen Mary, University of London.
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