Neuroscience and Freedom of the Will - Is There Really a Problem? | Prof. James Madden
Jun 6, 2024
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Neuroscience and philosophy expert Prof. James Madden discusses the compatibility of free will with determinism and the impact of neuroscientific experiments on moral decision-making. The chapter also explores the dangers of distorted self-understanding, biases in decision-making, and the role of education in recognizing cognitive blind spots.
Neuroscientific research challenges the role of conscious deliberation in determining actions.
Traditional philosophical debates on moral freedom emphasize the importance of deliberate choice rooted in internalized values.
Deep dives
Reevaluating Conventional Views on Moral Responsibility
Traditional philosophical debates on freedom of the will hinge on the assumption that morally significant actions must be caused by an agent's will, challenging the volitionist thesis. Cormac's actions to be praiseworthy or blameworthy depend on his conscious intention preceding those actions. However, neuroscientific findings, like the readiness potential and Leibit's experiments, suggest that conscious deliberation may not be the causal antecedent of our actions, raising questions about the validity of the volitionist perspective.
Exploring Different Philosophical Stances on Free Will
Philosophers, including compatibilists, libertarians, and hard determinists, have debated the causal nature of the will and its impact on morally significant actions. Compatibilists argue that actions can be considered free even when caused by external factors, while libertarians posit that morally significant actions must stem from uncaused or self-caused acts of will. In contrast, hard determinists contend that free will and morally significant actions are incompatible with causal determinism, presenting diverse viewpoints on the relationship between agency and determinism.
Challenges and Implications of Neuroskepticism
Neuroskepticism challenges conventional perspectives on moral freedom by highlighting neuroscientific research suggesting that conscious deliberation may not play a decisive role in determining actions. Findings like the readiness potential and studies on decision-making timing raise concerns about the role of the will in moral agency. This shift in understanding prompts reflection on the significance of introspection and conscious choice in shaping morally relevant decisions.
The Role of Rational Deliberation and Moral Freedom
Aristotle's concept of deliberate choice emphasizes the importance of internalized reasons and justifiable means in defining morally significant actions. Deliberate choice involves pursuing ends that are significant and justifying the means taken toward achieving those ends. Contrary to stereotypical views, deliberate choice is not always based on conscious decision-making but can be a reflective process rooted in internalized values and reasoned sensitivity. Understanding the significance of rational deliberation in moral freedom helps navigate complex moral issues and self-knowledge challenges posed by modern social sciences.