Louis XIV established a centralized rule and projected an image of himself as the Sun King, becoming the center of France and elevating the country to a dominant position in Europe.
Louis XIV's legacy includes the establishment of a model of centralized power and absolute monarchy, as well as his support for the arts, which continues to influence politics, culture, and the perception of monarchy.
Deep dives
Louis XIV's Personal Rule and Centralization of Power
Louis XIV took personal control of the French government and established a centralized rule that lasted over five decades. He projected an image of himself as the center of France, earning him the nickname the Sun King. Under his reign, France became a leading power in Europe, diplomatically, militarily, and culturally.
Louis XIV's Early Days and Preparation for Kingship
Louis XIV was born into the Bourbon dynasty and became king at a young age. His upbringing focused on establishing his dynasty and reinforcing the divine right monarchy. He was seen as a gift from God and was brought up with the belief that he was destined to be king. Education, cultural exposure, and the importance of the monarchy were emphasized during his early years.
The Challenges Faced by Louis XIV and the Establishment of Absolute Monarchy
Louis XIV inherited a country in the midst of wars and civil strife. France's position in Europe was unstable, and the crown's power was challenged by various factions. To solidify his rule, Louis centralized power, expanded the bureaucracy, and enhanced his authority over legislation. Despite being an absolute monarch, there were still some limits to his power, such as privileges held by certain groups and the law of succession.
The Legacy of Louis XIV: Power, Arts, and Influence
Louis XIV's legacy is significant and multi-faceted. He established a model of centralized power and absolute monarchy that had a lasting impact. His reign elevated France to a dominant position in Europe. Additionally, Louis valued and supported the arts, promoting cultural achievements and projects such as the building of Versailles. His legacy continues to influence politics, culture, and the perception of monarchy.
In 1661 the 23 year-old French king Louis the XIV had been on the throne for 18 years when his chief minister, Cardinal Mazarin, died. Louis is reported to have said to his ministers, “It is now time that I govern my affairs myself. You will assist me with your counsels when I ask for them [but] I order you to seal no orders except by my command… I order you not to sign anything, not even a passport, without my command, and to render account to me personally each day”
So began the personal rule of Louis XIV, which lasted a further 54 years until his death in 1715. From his newly-built palace at Versailles, Louis was able to project an image of himself as the centre of gravity around which all of France revolved: it’s no accident that he became known as the Sun King. He centralized power to the extent he was able to say ‘L’etat c’est moi’: I am the state. Under his rule France became the leading diplomatic, military and cultural power in Europe.
With
Catriona Seth
Marshal Foch Professor of French Literature at the University of Oxford
Guy Rowlands
Professor of Early Modern History at the University of St Andrews
and
Penny Roberts
Professor of Early Modern History at the University of Warwick
Producer: Luke Mulhall
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