Renowned guests Joanna Kavenna, Rory Sutherland, and Rebecca Roache debate the importance of reason in an increasingly chaotic modern age. They question its value in decision-making, explore the complexity of human behavior, discuss the role of serendipity in discovery, and highlight the unintended consequences of pushing rationality to extremes. The podcast explores the balance and limits of reason, reflecting on the parallels between science and the online world, and the value of embracing irrationality.
Reason is best used after having an idea, emphasizing the value of random experimentation and not hindering human instinct and creativity.
The interplay between reason and intuition is important in decision-making, with both serving as valuable tools and correcting each other.
Deep dives
Rationality and the Creative Opportunity Cost
Rory Sutherland argues that while reason is a useful tool, it is best deployed after having an idea rather than as a tool to arrive at ideas. He highlights the creative opportunity cost of demanding good reasons for everything and emphasizes the value of random experimentation. He also questions the notion of a single right answer, pointing out that rationality often leads to the same outcomes as competitors and that many good ideas can be post-rationalized. Sutherland suggests that reason may not be as vital as believed and that rationality should not hinder human instinct and creativity.
Reason and Intuition
Rebecca Roach explores the relationship between reason and intuition. While reason is a valuable tool for deriving conclusions from premises, she argues that the strength of those premises and starting points is crucial. Roach discusses how philosophers often rely on intuition to identify errors in reasoning and how intuition can serve as a test for ethical theories. However, she also emphasizes the potential biases of intuition, which can lead to prejudice and fear of the unknown. Roach highlights the tension and interplay between reason and intuition, suggesting that both are important in decision-making and correcting each other.
Reason and Society
Joanna Kavanagh suggests that reason is incredibly important in intervening in the world and achieving certain goals. However, she acknowledges the limits of reason and the existence of irrationality within the rational system itself. Kavanagh introduces the idea of paradox and the role it plays in fiction and society. She questions how reason functions when society loses its reason and argues that reason can sometimes be co-opted for political control. Kavanagh highlights the need to consider unforeseen consequences and the importance of subjectivity and paradox in decision-making.
Reason, Progress, and Unintended Consequences
Rory Sutherland reflects on the limitations of reason in predicting and shaping human behavior and outcomes. He notes that many discoveries and successes arise from unintended consequences or chance observations. Sutherland questions the pursuit of progress based solely on rationality and the overemphasis on optimization and data-driven decision-making. He suggests that a balance between reason and creativity is necessary and that certain decisions defy rationality yet yield positive outcomes. Sutherland also challenges the assumption that reason alone can lead to truth and successful action.
Philosophers from Spinoza and Hegel to Bertrand Russell argued that logic and reason are the key to understanding the world. But is this a fundamental error? After all, recent studies show that reason does not lead to more successful outcomes in business or personal relationships. Should we abandon the idea that reason is the key either to truth or successful action? Or should we see reason as vital to follow through the consequences of our beliefs? In an increasingly chaotic intellectual age, do we need reason more than ever to contain conflict, or is reason no more than a justification of prejudice?
Award-winning English novelist Joanna Kavenna, renowned public intellectual Rory Sutherland, philosopher and senior Lecturer Rebecca Roache debate whether we need reason as much as we think we do in an increasingly chaotic modern age. Bahar Gholipour hosts.