Special Episode: Interview with Evan Thompson on Buddhist Exceptionalism
Jul 30, 2021
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Evan Thompson, a professor of philosophy at the University of British Columbia and author of "Why I Am Not a Buddhist," dives into the complexities of Buddhism's Western interpretation. He critiques the notion of Buddhist exceptionalism and discusses the intertwining of modernism and mindfulness. The conversation challenges the individualism often seen in contemporary spiritual practices, advocating for a collective approach. Thompson also reflects on the role of science in supporting or contradicting traditional teachings. Discover the rich tapestry of insights this dialogue unveils!
Evan Thompson critiques Buddhist modernism as a distortion that misrepresents Buddhism's rich traditions and religious framework in the West.
His personal experiences in a spiritual commune drive skepticism towards both traditional and modern Buddhism due to patterns of manipulation among leaders.
Thompson advocates for a cosmopolitan dialogue among diverse traditions to foster collective responsibility in addressing global crises like climate change.
Deep dives
Evan Thompson's Critique of Buddhist Modernism
Evan Thompson critiques Buddhist modernism, which emerged in the 19th century as a response to colonialism and Western perceptions of Buddhism. He argues that this form is a distortion, creating the notion that Buddhism is a uniquely scientific and rational philosophy. Instead, he suggests that this modern interpretation oversimplifies and misrepresents Buddhism as it overlooks its religious framework and rich traditions. Thompson's stance is not an outright rejection of Buddhism, but rather an insistence on a deeper understanding and critique of its modern adaptations.
The Tension of Spiritual Teachers and Abuses
Thompson's personal experiences growing up in a commune have shaped his views about spirituality and potential abuses in spiritual communities. He notes that firsthand exposure to various spiritual teachings revealed troubling patterns of manipulation and abuse among certain spiritual leaders. This context drives his skepticism towards both traditional and modern forms of Buddhism, especially regarding how they may perpetuate harmful dynamics. He emphasizes that individual experiences should be acknowledged when critically assessing religious and spiritual practices.
Buddhist Exceptionalism and Western Misinterpretation
Thompson discusses the concept of Buddhist exceptionalism, where Buddhism is often positioned as fundamentally different or superior to other religions due to its scientific characteristics. He argues that this notion is misleading and ignores the complexities inherent in all spiritual traditions. Such exceptionalism not only simplifies Buddhism but also complicates productive interfaith dialogues, as it discourages recognizing shared religious experiences and ethical teachings. Ultimately, he calls for a more nuanced recognition of Buddhism's place within the broader spectrum of world religions.
Cognitive Science and No-Self Perspective
The discussion around the no-self concept in Buddhism raises important questions in cognitive science. Thompson challenges the interpretation that meditation leads to a realization of the absence of self, arguing instead that it constructs self-experience through social and cognitive processes. He asserts that modern interpretations often misapply scientific findings to support these spiritual claims without recognizing the complexities involved. This critical approach fosters a richer understanding of selfhood that bridges Buddhist philosophy with contemporary cognitive science, enriching both fields.
Cosmopolitanism and Ethical Responsibility
Thompson emphasizes the importance of cosmopolitan dialogue between diverse religious and ethical traditions in the context of global crises, such as climate change. He advocates for a synthesis of ethical teachings from various traditions, underscoring the need for collective responsibility in addressing societal challenges. Instead of relying solely on individual spiritual practices, Thompson argues for active engagement with societal issues through a shared ethical framework. This perspective encourages a balanced view of personal and communal responsibilities in making meaningful changes within society.
We class up the podcast this week with another special interview with a philosopher specialising in Asian philosophical traditions, cognitive science, and philosophy of mind.
In our discussion with Evan we address the reception and presentation of Buddhism in the West, whether it is accurate to describe it as a mind science, and how 'Buddhist modernism' is related to Buddhist exceptionalism. We also get into debates of the nature of Self and whether Sam Harris is correct to claim that modern cognitive science has confirmed the insights from Buddhism.
This is not an episode targeting the tradition of Buddhism but rather an examination of a specific (modern) manifestation of Buddhism that is particularly popular in the West (and has long been a topic of fascination for Chris!).
So join us to distill the real teachings of the Buddha and hear how our ramblings are confirmed by 2,500 years of introspective mind science!