In this engaging discussion, Matt Kielty, a Radiolab reporter, delves into the compelling origins of the 'born this way' idea alongside Dean Hamer, a geneticist known for his research on a potential genetic link to male homosexuality, and Joanna Wuest, a political scholar exploring the historical context of this concept. They tackle the complexities of sexual orientation, the interplay of genetics and identity, and the societal implications of advocating for inherent traits. The conversation also reflects on evolving narratives within LGBTQ+ rights and the fluidity of attraction.
The 'born this way' idea has been influential in changing public opinion and supporting LGBTQ+ rights.
Early gay rights organizations used scientific research to challenge the perception of homosexuality as a mental illness.
Research on the genetic basis of homosexuality by Dean Hamer popularized the belief in innate sexual orientation.
Deep dives
The Impact of Born This Way Idea
The belief that people are born with their sexual orientation, known as the 'born this way' idea, has had a significant impact on public opinion and the gay rights movement. Gallup polls from 1977 to 2018 show a steady increase in the percentage of Americans who believe that homosexuality is an innate trait, reaching 50% in 2018. This belief has been linked to growing acceptance of homosexuality and support for LGBTQ+ rights. Media representation and the visibility of the LGBTQ+ community, along with the HIV/AIDS crisis, have also contributed to changing perceptions. Although some studies suggest that the 'born this way' idea may not directly change minds but rather serve as a way for supporters to express their existing beliefs, it has become a powerful narrative and tool for activists in legal battles and public discourse.
Origins of the 'Born This Way' Idea
The origins of the 'born this way' idea can be traced back to the efforts of early gay rights organizations in the 1950s and 1960s. These organizations sought to challenge the prevailing view of homosexuality as a mental illness and turned to science, collaborating with psychologists and psychiatrists to demonstrate that being gay is natural and not a defect. Over time, psychiatric and psychological perspectives shifted, culminating in the American Psychiatric Association declassifying homosexuality as a mental illness in 1973. As the gay rights movement gained momentum, the notion of innate sexual orientation became a focal point in court battles and public discourse, eventually leading to the Supreme Court's decriminalization of homosexuality and the recognition of same-sex marriage.
The Power and Influence of Dean Hamer's Work
Dean Hamer, a geneticist, played a significant role in the popularization of the 'born this way' idea with his research on the possible genetic basis of homosexuality. In the early 1990s, Hamer conducted studies examining the DNA of gay men and their family members, finding correlations between sexual orientation and specific genetic markers. His work provided scientific support to the belief that sexual orientation is innate and contributed to the growing acceptance of the 'born this way' narrative. The media coverage and public reception of Hamer's findings further cemented the idea that sexual orientation is determined at birth. However, some research suggests that the impact of Hamer's work on public opinion may be more reflective of pre-existing attitudes towards homosexuality rather than directly causing a shift in beliefs.
The Influence of Biology on Sexual Orientation
The podcast episode explores the shift from psychology to biology in understanding sexual orientation. The episode highlights the early disco song 'I Was Born This Way' by Carl Bean, which inspired Lady Gaga's 'Born This Way' anthem. The discussion then delves into the growing emphasis on biological factors in the 80s and 90s, including studies on hormones and brain development. However, the episode also acknowledges the existence of environmental and social factors that shape human sexuality.
Debates and Uncertainties Around Born This Way
The episode explores the limitations and uncertainties of the 'born this way' narrative. It mentions Lisa Diamond's research on fluidity and plasticity in female sexuality, challenging the idea of sexual orientation as fixed and genetically determined. The podcast also highlights a recent genetic study suggesting that there might be multiple genes associated with sexual orientation. Overall, the episode raises questions about the complexity of human sexuality and the need to recognize the interplay between biology, environment, and individual experiences.
Today, the story of an idea. An idea that some people need, others reject, and one that will, ultimately, be hard to let go of. Special Thanks to Carl Zimmer, Eric Turkheimer, Andrea Ganna, Chandler Burr, Jacques Balthazart, Sean Mckeithan, Joe Osmundson, Jennifer Brier, Daniel Levine-Spound, Maddie Sofia, Elie Mystal, Heather Radke
EPISODE CREDITS:
Reported by - Matt KieltyProduced by - Matt KieltyOriginal music and sound design contributed by - Matt Kieltywith mixing help from - Arianne WackFact-checking by - Diane Kelly
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