Join Egyptologist Campbell Price as he unpacks the everyday life of ancient Egyptians. Discover where they shopped for food and the surprising use of crocodile dung in healing practices. Explore family structures, romantic relationships, and the dynamics of childhood in this fascinating society. Delve into leisure activities, like the board game Sennet, and learn about their unique work week and diverse occupations. Price paints a vivid picture of life along the Nile, revealing the rich tapestry of social roles and cultural practices.
Ancient Egyptian daily life revolved around agriculture, with the Nile's resources supporting a largely farming-based economy and community structure.
Family dynamics were essential in social organization, where women held autonomy and ancestral worship was integral to cultural practices.
Deep dives
Life of Ordinary Ancient Egyptians
The majority of ordinary ancient Egyptians were farmers, living in homes made of mud bricks near the fertile banks of the Nile. Agriculture was central to their way of life, with the Nile providing the vital resources for farming and sustaining communities. Most ancient Egyptians worked the land, with estimates suggesting that around 80-90% were engaged in agriculture, while the elite often received more attention in historical records, leaving gaps in understanding the lives of the average person. Archaeological evidence is limited due to the annual flooding of the Nile and the fragile nature of mud brick homes, making it challenging to gain a comprehensive view of everyday life.
Social and Family Structure
Family played a crucial role in the social structure of ancient Egypt, often reflected in household dynamics and communal living. Homes for the non-elite were not large and typically housed extended families, where conflict and cooperation coexisted. The significance of ancestor worship and childbirth ceremonies highlighted family connections, with particular spaces reserved for these rituals and the involvement of protective deities during childbirth. There is evidence that women held a degree of social and legal autonomy, which allowed them to manage property and engage in market activities, showcasing their integral roles in daily life.
Work, Occupations, and Economy
Most ancient Egyptians engaged in agriculture, with staples including emmer and barley wheat for bread and beer, while a subsistence economy supported offshoot trades and crafts. The organization of work differed from modern times, featuring a ten-day week with regular holidays and opportunities for individuals to barter goods and undertake side hustles. Jobs related not only to farming but also included roles in skilled crafts, construction, and temple service, where individuals could benefit from cooler conditions and food offerings. Workers in towns like Deir el-Medina engaged in tomb construction and had to balance multiple roles to provide for their families, driven by the era's economy.
Cultural Activities and Pastimes
The ancient Egyptians engaged in various leisure activities, including board games like Senet, which were enjoyed across social classes and possibly even had religious significance. Children were involved in adult activities earlier than in modern contexts, with pastimes reflecting a straightforward integration into societal roles. Recreational activities depicted in tomb artworks suggest a rich tradition of play, while everyday life also included physical games and market gatherings. Cultural expressions were not limited to entertainment, as they often carried deeper spiritual or social meanings within the community.
Ever wondered where an ancient Egyptian did their food shop? Or how crocodile dung could cure your ailments? In this second episode of our series Ancient Egypt: the big questions, Emily Briffett and Egyptologist Campbell Price turn their attention to the day-to-day experiences of ordinary Egyptians, painting a vivid picture of life along the Nile – from family relationships to food and medicine.
The HistoryExtra podcast is produced by the team behind BBC History Magazine.