Philippe Sands, a renowned author and lawyer focused on international law and human rights, dives deep into the unsettling connections between Chile’s dictator Augusto Pinochet and Nazi SS commander Walter Rauff. He recounts Pinochet's dramatic 1998 arrest in London and its implications for international justice. The discussion reveals the ethical dilemmas surrounding legal defenses in human rights cases, explores the chilling legacy of Colonia Dignitat, and examines the persistent themes of immunity and accountability in the wake of atrocities.

Frank Trentmann, a Professor of History at Birkbeck University, dives into the fascinating world of tariffs and trade wars. He explores the historical roots of economic warfare, revealing how these practices have shaped international relations. Trentmann discusses the evolution of trade dynamics, from the mid-Victorian era to today, and contrasts past protectionist strategies with modern approaches. He also unpacks the significance of U.S.-Canada trade relations and the impact of social movements on trade policies, emphasizing the ongoing relevance of these topics.

Hannah Skoda, a Fellow in Medieval History at St John's College, Oxford, Rana Mitter, the S.T. Lee Chair in US-Asia Relations at Harvard, and Lucy Noakes, President of the Royal Historical Society, tackle pressing issues in historical education. They dive into the implications of funding cuts for UK history departments and the impact of culture wars on historical understanding. The conversation highlights the importance of advocacy for history, the resilience of student interest, and the urgent need for renewed support in the discipline.

Justin M Jacobs, a historian and author of "Plunder?: How Museums Got Their Treasures," challenges the narrative around museum artifacts often labeled as 'stolen.' He argues that the repatriation debate overlooks the complexities of historical contexts and cultural interactions. Jacobs discusses the nuanced roles of antiquities dealers and highlights the cooperative relationships between source countries and Western archaeologists. He emphasizes understanding diverse cultural perceptions and the importance of recognizing local voices in the discussion of artifact ownership.

Dr. Mike Rapport, a Reader in modern European history at the University of Glasgow and author of *City of Light, City of Shadows*, unravels the complexities of Paris's Belle Époque. He discusses the era's glamorous façade with vibrant cafes and can-can dancers, contrasted against the realities of poverty and inequality. The conversation dives into the Dreyfus Affair, revealing deep societal divisions and the rise of radical politics amidst a backdrop of cultural richness and urban transformation.

Hallie Rubenhold, author of the upcoming book 'Story of a Murder', delves into the shocking 1910 case of Dr. Crippen and the mysterious disappearance of his wife, Belle Elmore. She explores the sensational international manhunt, Crippen's crumbling defense, and societal norms around medicine and women's roles in the early 20th century. The podcast also highlights Belle's transformation from a challenging background to a celebrated performer, and examines the dynamics between Crippen, his mistress Ethel Neve, and the web of lies that ensued.

Ali Watkins, a reporter and author of 'The Next One Is For You', delves into the fascinating world of Philadelphia gun-runners who supported the IRA during the 1970s. She unveils how the Philadelphia Five orchestrated smuggling operations amidst the chaos of the Troubles. Watkins discusses the deep-seated connections between Irish Americans and the IRA, highlighting the emotional toll on journalists covering the conflict. Through gripping narratives, she explores the innovative methods used to transport arms and the lasting impact these actions had across the Atlantic.

In this engaging discussion, Michael Staunton, a Professor of Medieval History at University College Dublin, unpacks the intriguing life of Thomas Becket. He traces Becket's dramatic rise from humble beginnings to a powerful church figure and his evolving relationship with King Henry II. The conversation highlights Becket's brave defiance against royal authority and how his martyrdom reshaped public perception. Staunton also delves into Becket's complex legacy, marking him as both a saint and a controversial figure in the history of England.

Luke Pepera, author of "Motherland: A Journey through 500,000 Years of African Culture and Identity," redefines African history beyond the transatlantic slave trade. He highlights Africa's rich cultural tapestry, showcasing its significant contributions to global civilization. The conversation delves into oral traditions, emphasizing their evolution from griots to contemporary rap battles. Pepera also discusses the dynamics of female-led societies, challenging stereotypes and underlining the importance of diverse narratives in understanding Africa's complex past.

Join Rosemary Ashton, Emeritus Professor of English Language and Literature at University College London, as she delves into the notorious Great Stink of 1858. Discover how the stifling heat and pollution in the Thames led to public outrage and significant sanitation reforms. Ashton highlights the cholera outbreaks that plagued Victorian London and the groundbreaking work of engineer Joseph Bazalgette, who revolutionized the city's sewage system. The conversation also uncovers misconceptions about disease and the media's role in fostering environmental awareness.