Philosophische Untersuchungen

Published posthumously in 1953, 'Philosophical Investigations' is a seminal work by Ludwig Wittgenstein that challenges many of the ideas presented in his earlier work, 'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus'.

The book is divided into two parts and consists of what Wittgenstein calls 'remarks'.

It delves into the difficulties of language and meaning, arguing that conceptual confusions surrounding language use are at the root of most philosophical problems.

Wittgenstein introduces the concept of 'language-games' to explain how the meaning of a word is based on its use within a particular context.

This work is widely regarded as one of the most important philosophical texts of the 20th century.