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#619: Dr. Suresh Muthukumaraswamy — LSD Microdosing, Classical Psychedelics vs. Ketamine, Science and Speed in New Zealand, Placebo Options, and The Infinite Possibilities of Studying Mind-Altering Compounds

The Tim Ferriss Show

NOTE

**Differences between ketamine and other psychedelics **

Ketamine differs from classical psychedelics such as LSD, psilocybin, and DMT in terms of receptor binding and pharmacological effects. Classical psychedelics work predominantly on the serotonin 2A receptor, inducing psychedelic experiences. In contrast, ketamine primarily binds to the NMDA receptor, a glutamate receptor involved in neuroplasticity and long-term potentiation. Ketamine also interacts with GABA receptors, opiate receptors, monoamine sites (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine), HCN channels, and sodium channels, leading to a complex pharmacological profile. Moreover, ketamine metabolizes into norketamine, which has neuroactive properties, and exists in both left and right states (esketamine and arketamine) with potentially different receptor binding profiles. This complexity results in ketamine being described as both a rich and promiscuous drug in terms of receptor affinity.

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