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Survival Shapes Fertility Choices
The timing and number of children families have are influenced by child survival rates. When the likelihood of child mortality decreases, individuals tend to delay having children and opt for fewer offspring, as they aim for a stable number of surviving children. This pattern explains significant fertility declines worldwide, particularly until 1950 and currently in developing countries, where families adjust their reproductive choices based on survival expectations. Despite rising surviving fertility rates in some African nations amid overall fertility declines, the trend does not apply to industrialized countries, where almost all children survive, leading to continued reductions in fertility rates.