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Advancements in Molecular Biology and Model Organisms in Neuroscience
Caldwell's mentor, Martin Chaffee, was involved in a groundbreaking technique that led to the 2008 Nobel Prize. Optogenetics is a tool that allows molecular biologists to manipulate genes to control cell behavior with specific wavelengths of light. Model organisms, non-human species used to model human disease or physiology, have become more sophisticated as genes shared with other species are leveraged. Molecular biology is now essential in 21st century neuroscience, with C-elegans being used as a model to study Parkinson's disease due to its unique developmental consistency.