The Profound Power of Probability

Probability serves as a powerful tool in refining data, assessing theories, and touching ultimate reality. It encompasses inherent randomness of quantum systems and describes non-random systems. In cosmology, it quantifies confidence in measurements, adjudicates competing models, and reveals how quantum fluctuations become galactic structures. However, at the foundations of physics, probability remains not fully understood, serving as a means to capture things that are not understood, variable, or random.