Barnacles: The Unseen Force Behind Naval Dominance

Barnacles significantly impacted maritime history by their tendency to adhere strongly to ships, resulting in increased fuel consumption—up to 40% more. This biofouling problem necessitated innovative solutions, notably the British use of copper sheathing in the 18th century, which prevented barnacle adhesion and contributed to Britain's rise as a naval superpower. Today, the issue of biofouling continues to pose challenges in ship design as material changes have emerged.