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The Fourth Turning — How History's Crisis Period Could Unfold

The Art of Manliness

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The Four Turnings and Generational Archetypes in a Historical Cycle

History repeats itself in a 80 to 100 year cycle called saculum, divided into four turnings or periods. The fourth turning is a crisis period like winter, with big threats like war. The first turning is a high period like spring, with strong institutions and collective action. The second turning is a spiritual awakening like summer, emphasizing individualism. The third turning is like fall, with unraveling and dysfunction. Then the cycle repeats. There are also four generational archetypes that repeat in this cycle.

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