Understanding Hazard Ratios and Relative Risk in Health Risks

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When it comes to risks of mortality, it's important to look at hazard ratios. A hazard ratio of 1.0 is the standard, while 1.5 means a 50% increase and 1.1 means a 10% increase. Factors like smoking, cardiovascular disease, family history, and cholesterol markers can increase the risk by a range of percentages. It's crucial to consider both relative and absolute risk. For example, going from moderately fit to unfit can result in a two-fold increase, while going from least fit to most fit can show even higher numbers like three or four-fold increases.

Andy Galpin is a tenured full Professor at California State University, Fullerton. He is the Co-Director of the Center for Sport Performance and Founder/Director of the Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory. He is a Human Performance scientist with a PhD in Human Bioenergetics and over 100 peer-reviewed publications and presentations.

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