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Discovering the Uniformity of the Cosmic Microwave Background
In the mid 60s, pinsius and wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background, which is the residual light from the formation of the first atoms after the Big Bang. By the late 70s, it was found that this light is uniformly distributed in temperature. The temperature variations are about one part in 100,000, implying that the universe's density was also uniform at that time.