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Evolution of the U.S. Working Class
The U.S. working class has evolved over time starting in the 19th century with the emergence of basic ingredients from slavery. The crisis of abolition of slavery led to the rise of a native-born small-property class including small farmers and artisans, who initially held a crossover position between proletariat and petite-bourgeoisie. Artisans like shoemakers who owned tools and workshops gradually became employees in factories, maintaining a distinctive layer in industrial production. The transition marked a shift towards employees being subordinated to factory owners, highlighting the changing dynamics in the 19th century working class.