Engineering terms like competency and pursuit of goals are empirically useful in understanding complex systems. Competency can be quantified and objective, helping to control, predict, and build such systems. In contrast to our traditional approach of combining dumb parts to create intelligent machines, biology operates on hierarchies where every level has an agenda. Cooperation and competition occur within and across levels, such as during embryogenesis. Each level bends the option space for the level beneath it, allowing for efficient and effective outcomes.