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Importance of Controlling Energy Intake in Diet Studies
The methodology of diet studies is crucial in showing the impact of added oils, particularly seed oils, which are a significant source of calories in the US diet. Overconsumption of calories, commonly found in hyper-processed foods and restaurants, can lead to energy toxicity, obesity, and other metabolic issues. Substitution studies, which involve replacing one component with another to control energy intake, demonstrate that replacing saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats, mainly from seed oils, can lead to improvements in heart disease risk, metabolic health, liver fat, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation. These substitution studies show, at worst, a neutral effect on health and, in many cases, result in positive outcomes.