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Proteins as Glue and Ceramic Coatings
Proteins like collagen are used as traditional adhesives, while new ceramic coatings containing silicon, titanium nitride, and other materials can be heated to high temperatures to create a glassy layer filled with hard, chemically inert crystals. These coatings are smooth, durable, and can withstand metal utensils and temperatures up to 500 degrees, albeit not as nonstick as Teflon.