Attention operates through three subsystems that prioritize information to help make sense of the world. The first system, akin to a flashlight, directs focus on specific content—whether external or internal—prioritizing selected information. The second system, referred to as the floodlight or alerting system, adopts a broad, receptive stance to prioritize the present moment, allowing for awareness without specific focus on past or future events. Finally, the executive functioning system acts like a juggler, prioritizing information based on goals, helping individuals navigate through multiple tasks effectively. These systems reflect an evolutionary adaptation to the brain's computational limitations, emphasizing the necessity of prioritization in processing information.

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