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Forces driving decrease in fertility rates and mate preferences
The decrease in fertility rates is driven by various forces. Urbanization has made having children more expensive, compared to when it was free labor in agrarian societies. Ideologically, the focus has shifted from merging with a partner and having many children to self-realization and convenience. This change in beliefs reduces the incentive to have children. Additionally, the fear of the future plays a role. Gender equality and generous welfare make it easier to have children, but also disincentivize women from forming relationships with men of similar mate value. Women tend to be less attracted to men with low mate value unless they are financially dependent or coerced. These factors contribute to the complex dynamics of mating and reproduction.