The key aspect of demographic health for economic growth is understanding the number of working-age people and their proportion to the overall population. A decline in the working-age population, such as in China's case, can lead to significant challenges for economic growth, even if the country is highly productive. Historical cases, such as the Black Death, demonstrate that a decrease in population can lead to increased value for low-wage workers, potentially leading to positive socioeconomic impacts. However, for future population trends, there may be opportunities to offset the impact through increased productivity driven by advancements such as AI. Ultimately, the changing demographic landscape poses a unique challenge for future economic growth.